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Tag Archives: British fungi

Ghostly fungi

31 Friday Oct 2025

Posted by sconzani in autumn, fungi

≈ 2 Comments

Tags

British fungi, Helvella crispa, saddle fungi, White saddle

‘Tis All Hallows’ Eve and all round the globe
the spirits are rising to roam and to probe,
to spook and to scare,
while you wonder ‘Who’s there?’

With their white colour and partial resemblance to the classic ‘white sheet over the head with holes for eyes’ ghost imitation, these fungi I found on Wednesday in a local park seem particularly appropriate for Halloween. These are White saddle (Helvella crispa), fungi that grow at this time of year in damp soil in deciduous woodland, often alongside paths, which is exactly where I found these.

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Pretty in Porcelain

29 Wednesday Oct 2025

Posted by sconzani in autumn, fungi

≈ 4 Comments

Tags

Beech fungi, British fungi, fungi on Beech, Oudemansiella mucida, Porcelain Fungus

It’s been ages since I’ve seen Porcelain fungus (Oudemansiella mucida) so, though it was a bit sad to see an enormous old Beech tree had lost one of its huge branches, it was a real treat for me to see tiny bulb-shaped fungi emerging all over the wood.

There were hundreds of them, and I’ve just read on the First Nature website that this is due to the fact that ‘Oudemansiella mucida releases a powerful fungicide that deters or even annihilates competitors’, giving Porcelain fungus exclusive access to the nutrients of the fallen Beech.

Porcelain fungus is found exclusively on Beech, usually on dead or dying fallen branches on the ground but sometimes on dead branches high up in the canopy of an old tree.

The mucida in its scientific name refers to the slimy mucus that covers the upper sides of the caps of this fungus. And, though the idea of mucus might give a negative impression, these are stunning fungi, especially when the fruiting bodies are fully open. Their pure white colour and the translucence of their caps is where the common name Porcelain comes from.

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Fungi: Black bulgar

24 Friday Oct 2025

Posted by sconzani in autumn, fungi, winter

≈ 7 Comments

Tags

autumn fungi, Black bulgar, British fungi, Bulgaria inquinans, winter fungi

I went looking for Fly agaric, the mushroom everyone recognises but which is surprisingly uncommon where I live; I found none but, almost immediately on arrival at north Cardiff’s Cefn Onn Park, I did spot this large log covered in small black button-like fungi.

These are the fruit of the fungus Black bulgar (Bulgaria inquinans), also known as Rubber buttons and Bachelor’s buttons. According to the First Nature website, they are known as Black Jelly Drops or Poor Man’s Licorice in the United States, though the site also cautions readers not to be fooled by those names – these fungi are not edible and may, indeed, be toxic.

As you can see in the photo above, the fruit bodies look a bit like short tacks; they start out flat on top but come to resemble little cups. The outer surface is, initially, brown and scaly looking but, as they age, they become black, blobby when wet, but tougher and rubbery when dry. Black bulgar is described as common, and can be seen, mostly on fallen Oaks but also on a few other tree species, from autumn through to spring.

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Waxcaps, but fleeting

22 Wednesday Oct 2025

Posted by sconzani in autumn, fungi

≈ 8 Comments

Tags

autumn colour, British fungi, British waxcaps, Cathays Cemetery fungi, waxcap fungi, waxcaps

Last week I went for a meander around Cathays Cemetery in Cardiff, looking for waxcaps. The cemetery is a SSSI (a Site of Special Scientific Interest) because of its waxcaps, and they are stunning. The SSSI designation is supposed to ensure the site is protected from environmental damage, and managed in a way that benefits the flora and/or fauna that resulted in its designation, but it doesn’t.

All of the beautiful waxcaps pictured in this post would have been destroyed by the end of that day because a council worker was cutting the grass. In fact, I only had time to check a couple of the uncut blocks within the grounds before they too were mown.

This is typical of Cardiff Council’s assault on the natural environment. They’ve been told by ecologists how the cemetery should be managed but they ignore that advice, cut when the waxcaps are fruiting, and leave the clippings.

This is a deliberate decision by the Council; and the situation could easily be remedied either by mowing the grass a little earlier or a little later in the year. And, if budget cuts mean they can’t afford to purchase a mower than removes the clippings, then they could co-ordinate the mowing with the cemetery Friends group and other voluntary groups to rake the clippings. But they don’t.

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An inedible dessert

17 Friday Oct 2025

Posted by sconzani in autumn, fungi

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Tags

autumn colour, autumn fungi, British fungi, fungi on wood, Plums and custard, Tricholomopsis rutilans

When you read the name Plums and Custard, you might well think, as I always do, that it sound like a delicious dessert. If only!

In this instance, Plums and Custard is not your Friday night after-dinner delight but a fungus, also known as Tricholomopsis rutilans. The two parts of the name come from the cap, which starts off a rich plum colour but fades over time, and the custard yellow colour of the gills. And, no, you shouldn’t eat it, no matter how edible it looks.

Though you can’t always see this – and you certainly can’t in my photos, these fungi grow on wood, specifically decayed conifers, usually pine. They’re often found in large groups, and are common throughout the UK.

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Date waxcaps

15 Wednesday Oct 2025

Posted by sconzani in autumn, fungi

≈ 3 Comments

Tags

autumn fungi, British fungi, British waxcaps, Date waxcap, Date-coloured waxcap, Hygrocybe spadicea, rare waxcaps, waxcaps

During last Sunday’s local meander, I couldn’t help but notice how the recent rains have triggered autumnal fungi to begin fruiting and so, as I often find fungi very photogenic, I took rather a lot of photos. Of course, when I got home and thought I’d try to put names to those I’d photographed, I was reminded, as happens every year, of how tricky they can be to identify and of how many require microscopic analysis to determine their exact species. I, almost literally, threw my hands in the air, filed the photos in a temp folder, and didn’t look at them again until yesterday.

And then, when I went through the images more carefully and looked more closely, I realised that I might just have found something rather good, something I’d never seen before, something quite rare. I sought opinions from a couple of fungi experts and both agreed with me – you could’ve knocked me over with a feather … or a fungus!

These are Date waxcaps, also known as Date-coloured waxcaps, Hygrocybe spadicea. There are fewer than 100 British records of these beauties showing on iRecord but, luckily for those of us who live here, Wales has enjoyed the majority of those sightings. I understand they are found most years at Kenfig National Nature Reserve and, in the past, there have been one-off sightings in a couple of places around Cardiff but none since 2018.

Like most waxcap species, Hygrocybe spadicea grows mostly on unimproved calcareous grasslands but fungi don’t always follow what we humans think we know about them. Mine were growing on a road verge, under an Ash tree. Perhaps they have survived from the time when the area was unimproved grassland, before roads and houses were built all around them.

I revisited the site today, for a better look and to take more images. Amazingly, the waxcaps were more abundant than I had initially thought, with many still just emerging brown bumps barely visible amongst the grass. I’m still buzzing from the find.

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Slippery Jacks

03 Friday Oct 2025

Posted by sconzani in autumn, fungi

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Tags

#FungiFriday, boletes, boletes under pine trees, British boletes, British fungi, Slippery jack, Suillus luteus

We’re currently in the grip of Storm Amy, our first named storm of the season; thus far, she’s just bringing constant heavy rain to us in south Wales but is forecast to bring strong winds later tonight and tomorrow. Still, after this summer’s drought, rain is welcome and, though I got drenched during my quick morning walk, I did find some of the positive effects of the rain: fungi.

I’m a bit out of practice identifying fungi – my enthusiasm diminished when I was confronted with the need to examine many finds with a microscope to identify them, and died completely when potential foragers wanted to know where my finds were located. For me, fungi should be left for small creatures to consume; humans can buy theirs at the supermarket or grow their own!

Anyhoo, I may be wrong but I think these boletes are the species Suillus luteus, also known as Slippery Jacks, a name that is probably derived from the viscous feel of their caps when wet. These were very slimy, and they fit the criteria listed in my guide book: growing under a pine tree, with yellow pores, and a yellowish stem with small brownish dots. They are edible … but don’t ask me where I found them.

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Fungus: Ergot

05 Friday Sep 2025

Posted by sconzani in fungi

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Tags

#FungiFriday, British fungi, dangers of ergot, ergot, ergotism, fungal pathogens, fungi on cereals

I’m sure most of you will have heard of ergot poisoning or, at the very least, some of the notable times in history when humans have felt its effects. The Salem witch trials, which took place in Massachusetts in 1692-93 and where over 200 people were accused of witchcraft and 20 were executed, are probably the most well known; the unfortunate ‘witches’ are now thought to have been suffering from a form of ergotism. Through researching this post, I’ve also learned that ‘severe ergot epidemics in France between 900 AD and 1300 AD killed between 20,000 to 50,000 people’, and that ‘Julius Caesar lost legions of soldiers to ergot poisoning during his campaigns in Gaul’. And these are just a few of the more well-known examples; ergotism has been affecting humans since our ancestors first began eating grains and cereals.

Ergot (Claviceps purpurea) is a fungal pathogen that grows on many cereal species, including wheat, rye and barley. When ingested by humans and animals, the toxins contained in the fungus cause ergotism, the effects of which can include convulsions, hallucinations, gangrenous limbs, and, in severe cases, even death. These days, cereal producers and government regulatory bodies are very much aware of the dangers of ergot, and have precautionary measures in place to reduce its presence in food and feed to an absolute minimum. This is excellent news, as 2025 seems to be a good year, in terms of climate and environmental conditions, for the growth of the ergot fungus, if my finds in local fields are anything to go by. The small dark horn-shaped masses you can see in my photos indicate that these plants are infected with ergot; the masses, which replace the grains in cereals and grasses, are called sclerotia. So, with the subject of today’s post, it’s a case of look and be fascinated but definitely don’t be tempted to consume.

Amongst many other places, you can read more about ergot on the UK website of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board and, in the US, on the United States Forest Service agency website.

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Fungus: Cercospora depazeoides

29 Friday Aug 2025

Posted by sconzani in fungi, leaves, trees

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Tags

British fungi, Cercospora depazeoides, fungal pathogen, fungus on Elder leaves, fungus on Elder trees

Given our recent, seemingly never-ending high temperatures, I’ve been surprised to find fungi flourishing, though they’ve not been the mushroom-shaped life forms you might expect when you read the word fungi. Take today’s fungus, for example. I didn’t immediately realise these very distinctive marks on the leaves of an Elder tree (Sambucus sp.) were caused by a fungus.

These marks are caused by Cercospora depazeoides, and it seems the fungus can be quite destructive. According to the European Forest Pests website, this fungal pathogen leads to ‘premature leaf drop and reduced photosynthesis’. When the spots merge, dominating the leaf surface, they cause defoliation, which can ‘weaken the plant, impacting its growth and fruit production’. Fortunately for those who harvest the berries to make Elderberry cordial, according to iRecord, this fungus has thus far not been recorded in many locations in the UK.

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Velvet shanks and a Wych elm

14 Friday Feb 2025

Posted by sconzani in fungi, insects, trees

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Tags

British fungi, Flammulina velutipes, fungi on dead Wych elm, fungi on standing dead wood, Velvet shanks

The tree where I found these lush Velvet shanks growing was the Wych elm where, in October 2021, I found my first ever Elm zigzag sawfly larvae (Aproceros leucopoda), the first of this invasive species to be recorded in Wales (see my blog post Zorro comes to Wales). Now, that tree and several other young Wych elms growing in the margins of this field are all dead, presumably as a result of another invasive species, the fungus that causes Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma novo-ulmi).

The Elm zigzag sawflies have spread well beyond this field now so won’t be affected by the tree’s death, and, though, presumably, the Dutch elm disease fungus dies when its host tree has died, it will continue to spread as it’s carried to new trees by Elm bark beetles (Scolytus species).

Yet, as with all living organisms, the death of one brings life-giving opportunities for others. So, though dead, the Wych elm is now providing sustenance to invertebrates that thrive in decaying wood and to the lovely Velvet shanks (Flammulina velutipes) that are specialists in devouring standing dead wood. Some of the clumps of Velvet shanks had already completed their lifecycle and were themselves rotting away but, as you can see in my photos below, more were oozing from the cracks in the tree’s trunk and branches.

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About me

sconzani

sconzani

I'm a writer and photographer; researcher and blogger; birder and nature lover; countryside rambler and city strider; volunteer and biodiversity recorder.

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