Leafhopper: Eupteryx melissae

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Amongst the many creatures I found during this weekend’s intensive focus on Common fleabane at two local sites, two species were new to me, which was very exciting. This is the first, the leafhopper Eupteryx melissae, which I’m particularly delighted about as I haven’t found a new leafhopper species for quite a while and, as I’m sure you’ll agree, this one is a stunner.

According to the British Bugs website, there are two Eupteryx species that look very much alike, this one and E. decemnotata. The features to check are the markings on the top of the head, the vertex, and the top of the body, the pronotum. Eupteryx melissae has ‘three large more or less rounded spots on the vertex and six smaller spots along the anterior of the pronotum, with an irregularly-shaped greyish area behind this’, exactly as shown in the photo below.

I was a bit surprised to read that Eupteryx melissae has the common name Sage leafhopper, and is the most common leafhopper found on Sage, as this one was on the underside of a leaf of Common fleabane and there was definitely no Sage growing in the field. The British Bugs website says it also feeds on other members of the mint family, the Labiatae or Lamiaceae – the Wildflower Finder website has a handy list – but I’m struggling to think which of these were in yesterday’s field; there may have been some Selfheal and possibly Hedge woundwort.

Drought-tolerant Common fleabane

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I’ve just been looking at the rainfall data for my area: 1mm on 2 July, 0.4mm on 17 July, 0.8mm on 25 July and a few very welcome showers on 4 August that seemed to have given us an accumulation of about 4mm, and that’s it for the last seven weeks. And, today, our fifth heatwave of the year has just ended, with temperatures dropping to the mid-20°s Celsius. It’s little wonder then that drought was officially declared for the whole of Wales at the end of July.

Nature is struggling, to say the least, but there are some plants that are remarkably drought and heat tolerant, and the one that I’m noticing most often during my walks is Common fleabane (Pulicaria dysenterica).

During today’s walk I revisited the wildflower meadow I featured here two Sundays ago, A meadow full of Painted ladies. All the gorgeous Knapweed that had attracted the Painted lady butterflies had gone to seed but the Common fleabane remained, as full of life and vibrant as two weeks ago. Though some flowers had gone over, buds were still opening on most plants.

Even better, that fleabane was feeding a lot of little creatures, from butterflies and a few moth species, to hoverflies, flies and bees, as well as various bugs, both adults and nymphs. It made me feel a little more hopeful that some of our wonderful wildlife will survive this difficult weather.

When I noticed yesterday how well the fleabane was surviving, I started taking photos of the creatures I was seeing on it, and I continued that theme today. During a series of blogs this week, I’ll share what I’ve found.

A local Linnet

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It’s that time of year when the seeds of Herb Robert are ripe and ready for any passing seed-eating birds to harvest.

Pigeons, both Woodpigeons and feral, seem to quite enjoy them but it’s the local Linnets I see feasting on them most often.

These particular Herb Robert plants grow amongst the stones of the embankment of the River Ely where it flows in to Cardiff Bay, convenient for the small flock of Linnets that spend their lives around the Bay.

Moorhens big and small

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On Tuesday, as we moved in to our fifth heatwave of the year, I decided it would be prudent to walk somewhere with shade so headed to Forest Farm Nature Reserve, where the towpath alongside the Glamorgan canal proved to be the perfect choice.

There was enough sun coming through the trees on to the water for me to spot lots of dragonflies but it was the numerous families of Moorhens that stole the show.

From the miniscule to the well grown, from those waggling their tiny wing stumps and peeping constantly for their parents to feed them to those old enough to feed themselves, they were very entertaining and a delight to watch.

Lifer: Willow emerald damselfly

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As I mentioned in yesterday’s blog, on Monday I took the train to north Cardiff in search of a special creature, and it seems effort and patience do have their rewards, as I finally found my first ever Willow emerald damselfly (Chalcolestes viridis). Why did I mention effort and patience? Well, this was the fourth time I’d gone searching. The first time involved a two-hour three-train trip to Yate, in south Gloucestershire, because the few sites for this damselfly in south Wales were inaccessible to me as a non-driver. Unfortunately, despite help from a local expert who’d seen as many as ten the previous day, we couldn’t find any Willow emeralds at the only site in Yate. Fortunately, just a few days after that trip, a couple of people found these damselflies for the first time at two locations in north Cardiff. Unfortunately, despite a couple of hours looking each time, my first two searches around Roath Park Lake didn’t produce any Willow emeralds. Fortunately, this past Monday my perseverance paid off and I finally found a single specimen, though, unfortunately, it was high up on the shady side of an Alder tree and disappeared almost immediately after I got the very poor photograph shown here.

Just for some background, the Willow emerald damselfly, also known as the Western willow spreadwing due to its habit of perching with wings outspread, only arrived in Britain in 2009. Since then it has colonised suitable habitat as far north as Yorkshire and, in August 2025, the first specimens were found in Wales (the report of the first sighting, found and written by Monmouthshire county recorder Steve Preddy, is an interesting read). I’m going to keep searching for more of these beauties as I want to learn more about this damselfly’s habits, and to see if I can find it in a new site, and to get better photos. If – no, let’s be positive – when I do manage to get better images, I’ll blog again about this exciting new Welsh resident.

Bugs like buses

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It seems that bugs are a bit like buses – you look for ages and only find two, then they all appear at once.

On Monday I caught the train to north Cardiff on a mission to find something special (more on that tomorrow) but, before looking for that creature, detoured through Heath Park. The woodland there is usually quite damp, even in the middle of summer, but neither a drop of water nor a squelch of mud remained.

The only water I could find was in Nant-y-Wedal, a narrow stinking stream that runs across one of the fields (I’m not sure what causes the smell, but there are permanent hazard notices warning of bacteria).

If you can ignore the noxious smell, the wildflowers and trees growing along the stream are always worth a look I’ve found, and so it was on Monday. Some leaf-turning and fossicking amongst the Alders was especially rewarding.

Not only did I find two Red-legged shieldbugs and a Hawthorn shieldbug, but there were several Parent bugs, a couple sitting on their own, plus three guarding their eggs, and what I think are tiny first instars, just in the process of hatching (not sure where their parent had gone). This is obviously the perfect time to see them as I also saw more on the Alders around Roath Park Lake, my subsequent destination.

Late but lovely

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Last Sunday, much to my delight, Mrs Mallard and her two ducklings came cruising along the River Ely where it flows in to Cardiff Bay while I was standing on the footpath above, enjoying a cooling breeze blowing gently over the water.

These may well be the same birds I saw during a similar walk on 16 July, though I’m a bit doubtful about that.

I think the ducklings would have grown more in the intervening 24 days, and Sunday’s mother duck looks to be quite a young duck herself. Perhaps that’s why she’s bred so late in the season.

Only two bugs

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One of the highlights of last year’s many hours spent staring at vegetation and leaf-fossicking was the number of bugs and beetles I found, many of them new sightings for me. You may have noticed that this year my blog posts have hardly included any insects, which is because I’m just not seeing many. To give you an example, this past weekend I spent about four hours, totally focused on looking for bugs and beetles. The two shieldbugs shown here are all I found, the Parent bug (Elasmucha grisea) on Saturday, the Common green shieldbug (Palomena prasina) yesterday.

As with so many other things, I’m beginning to think this is due to our over-heated summer. It may be that some insects are unable to survive the heat, or perhaps the plants they rely on for food are either not providing their usual levels of nourishment or have died in the dry conditions. It’s also possible that those insects that have survived the heat and drought are being heavily predated by hungry birds, and other predators, that are struggling to find enough sustenance. Living in Wales I never thought I’d be saying this (and I hope I’m not jinxing the coming winter’s weather) but we really need rain!

A summer of Clouded yellows

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Since I spotted my first Clouded yellow butterfly in mid June I’ve seen many more – more, in fact, than I’ve ever seen before.

During a wander around Cosmeston Lakes Country Park on 19 July I saw 8, and I didn’t walk every possible path so I’m sure there were more than that total.

Five days later, on 24 July, at the same location, I counted 11.

And, during almost every one of my daily walks since then, both at Cosmeston and at other locations, I’ve seen at least 1 Clouded yellow.

Their golden presence in our local fields might well be the only positive thing about this summer of record-breaking temperatures, continuing heatwaves (our fifth of the year is forecast for this coming week), and now, officially, drought conditions.

Pilates for herons?

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I took this photo during a walk around Cardiff’s Roath Park Lake on Thursday, and I’ve been puzzling over it ever since because I have no idea what this young Grey heron thought it was doing. It was just plain weird!

** Edit ** My followers are the best! Check out the link to a blog shared by Discovering in a comment below that includes images of lots of heron species doing ‘pilates’. 😉