Ruby boletes

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One day last week I went for a good mooch around Cardiff’s Heath Park, very pleased to immediately see that the ground was looking much damper than on my previous visit, though still not as wet as it usually is in the park’s area of woodland. However, the good news is that the rain we have had in the past couple of weeks has encouraged fungi to start raising their fruit bodies.

This is where I found the Dyer’s mazegill I blogged about last week, and this is also where I found these much-nibbled, still lovely Ruby boletes (Hortiboletus rubellus, previously Boletus rubellus), my first time seeing this species. I knew they were boletes from their chunky shape, and because they had pores rather than gills, though I didn’t recognise the species. It was the fact that they turned blue when touched that clinched their identification.

The First Nature website entry for this species gives the following information:

    • usually grow in groups rather than singly
    • often found on woodland edges, and low-nutrient grassland, under deciduous trees, especially Oaks
    • fruiting from early July to the end of September, though only occasional in southern Britain and rare or absent in the north.

A sunbathing slider

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I know I’ve blogged about Cardiff’s ‘Mutant Ninja Turtle’-phase remnants before but, when I spotted this Yellow-bellied slider (Trachemys scripta subsp. scripta) during a recent visit to Roath Park Lake, I couldn’t resist taking more photographs, particularly as he was sitting atop an old Coot’s nest very close to the lake’s edge and had such a haughty look on its face.

Finally, a Wasp spider

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Though the Wasp spider (Argiope bruennichi) has become increasingly common since it was discovered for the first time in Wales in 2021, I’ve not found it an easy species to locate.

I saw my first at Grangemoor Park, in Cardiff, on 28 August 2021, not just one but seven stunning Wasp spiders in one small area. Two years later, I managed to see them in two locations, the first found by a local friend in Dingle Park in Penarth on 23 July, the second on 28 August, once again in Grangemoor Park (Spider survivors). Since that date in 2023, I’ve searched thoroughly and often in both those places, and at other sites where the spider has now been reported but found nothing.

So, you can imagine my surprise when I was, once again, mooching through the Common fleabane plants by the River Ely at Grangemoor Park and there, finally, in a hollow amongst the plants, was this large and beautiful specimen.

Striking a pose

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During a walk around Roath Park Lake one day last week, the three Little egrets caught my eye. These are two of them (the other was perched in a distant tree.). This first bird was shuffling along in the very low water by the islands, hoping to disturb tasty invertebrates in the mud below its feet, though how it could see them through all that vegetation on the water’s surface, I don’t know.

The second Little egret was a surprise, as it was fishing from the lake’s bank, something I’ve never seen them do before. So intent was it on spotting any movement in the water that it seemed oblivious to the busy pedestrian traffic along the footpath just a couple of metres behind it, though 99% of those pedestrians were so focused on their phones or busy chatting loudly to their companions that they didn’t notice the egret either.

It was a photographer’s dream though, as the bird was close, and the light was dull, meaning the usual flare from the egret’s whiter-than-white feathers wasn’t as difficult as in bright sunshine. Sadly, due to the bird’s rapid movement, my shots of it catching fish were all a bit blurry but it had obviously chosen its fishing spot well.

At the southern end of the lake, where you can walk across the embankment dam (this is a man-made lake), a juvenile Moorhen was perched on the low ironwork structure that fences off the water outlet. It was preening vigorously but paused when it became aware it was being watched, so I took a few photos.

The lake is home to many geese, both Canada and Greylag, the numbers varying depending on the time of year. Some birds, semi-domesticated, remain year round; others are wild birds that leave to breed elsewhere but return to winter at the lake. Many of the Greylags are white, their ancestors probably farmed geese, but some retain the grey colour and patterning of their truly wild predecessors. I liked the way these two seemed to be striking a pose.

Moth: Nut-tree tussock

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It’s not often that I manage to see both the adult and larva of a moth species, and I’ve seen both of these this year for the first time, the adult appearing first, on 1 May, and the larva more recently, on 4 September. These are Nut-tree tussocks (Colocasia coryli) and both, I think, are stunning.

The adult and larva were in completely different locations, many miles apart, the adult roosting for the day on the side of a stucco-covered building, the larva sitting underneath a willow leaf. Both locations are atypical, according to the information about this species on the UK Moths website, which states that this moth mostly frequents woodland, and the larvae ‘feed on a variety of deciduous trees, mostly Birch and Hazel, but also Sycamore, Hornbeam, Oak and others’.

In southern Britain, these moths are bivoltine; the adult moths can be seen between April and June and then again between July and September. In the north, the moth has a single brood, the adults on the wing in May and June.

Aphid: Pterocallis maculata

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Though my record hasn’t yet been verified, I’m sure these tiny creatures, on the undersides of Alder leaves, are the Pterocallis maculata species of aphid, also known as the Green-barred alder aphid.

It’s the green colour and barred markings that make me fairly certain of my identification, particularly after checking the images and information on the Influential Points website.

According to iRecord, mine is only the third Welsh record, with the other two being found in October 2024, in Merthyr at the head of one the south Wales valleys, and October 2025, in an industrial area north-east of Cardiff Bay. Outside of Wales, this species has been found at just ten locations in England, one in Northern Ireland, and none in Scotland. I can’t help but wonder whether these aphids are really as rare as those records imply or whether it’s simply the case that most people just don’t record aphids.

Dyer’s mazegill

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Until last week, I had only seen this fungus once before, ten years ago in September 2016, in Cardiff’s Roath Park, but I’ve seen enough photos in the meantime to recognise the shape of its brackets, and the velvety surface and vibrant yellow edges of those brackets.

This is Dyer’s mazegill (Phaeolus schweinitzii), a fungus that’s a parasite on the roots of various conifer species, including pines, firs, spruces and larches. It’s usually found close to the roots of those trees but can occasionally be found on the trunks, and, as this specimen was, on the bottom of a dead, sawn-off pine stump. The fungus is present year round but is only seen when its fruiting bodies appear, between early summer and late autumn.

As to its name, I think you see from my macro photo below where the ‘mazegill’ comes from; the underside of the bracket is covered with an elaborate pattern of spore-bearing pores that resembles a labyrinth or a maze.

And ‘Dyer’s’? In his publication Fascinated by Fungi, Pat O’Reilly writes

There are records going back many centuries showing that certain [fungal] species have been used for dyeing wool and other fabrics. One of these is Phaeolus schweinitzii, whose young fruitbodies provide a bright yellow dye … Because of this use and its variable and misshapen pores, this attractive polypore is commonly known as Dyer’s mazegill.

Sawfly: Athalia rosae

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These orange and black sawflies can be tricky to identify, and I got this one wrong when I first recorded it, failing to take proper note of its distinguishing features: orange abdomen and legs, black head and shoulder pads, black front edge to its wings. (I rather like its stripey ‘socks’.)

Fortunately, the national verifier is patient and understanding; he ‘redetermined’ my record rather than just refusing it, as one or two less generous verifiers have been known to do. (I do understand that they must get fed up with some of the crazy records they see.)

So, I can state with absolute certainty that these two beauties are Turnip sawflies (Athalia rosae); they are also known by the common name Turnip tigress, which I rather like, though the name is a clue as to why this species is not well liked by farmers – their larvae, which are a very dark grey-green, feed on cruciferous plants (Cabbage, Cauliflower, Broccoli, Brussel sprouts, Radish, and Turnip, amongst others) and can have a devastating effect on crops.

First Turnstones of the autumn

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A shorter post today after the verbal diarrhoea of the last few days …

Just to say I’ve finally seen my first two Turnstones of the autumn, tootling along the Ely embankment on the edge of Cardiff Bay, a location we usually see these waders throughout the colder months. Winter is coming!

Odonata at Maesteg Ponds

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When I first visited Maesteg on 22 July, as a result of the heatwaves and drought, there was scarcely any water in the ponds and hardly any odonata species, just two Common darters, and a single Blue-tailed damselfly. As we’ve had a reasonable amount of rain since the drought broke around 18 August, I hoped things would have improved, so I went for another visit last Friday. Although the ponds now held a lot of water, there were only three dragonfly species present, and no damselflies at all, though I saw Emerald damselflies at this site last year and they should still be on the wing. The most prolific species was the Common darter; there were several males perched and in flight, as well as at least two pairs of males and females in cop and egg-laying.

Initially, I thought they were all I was going to see, then another dragon appeared and, like all hawkers, just kept flying and flying and flying, continually prowling the ponds looking for a female to mate with. If there was one, she was staying well hidden. I managed to get this very poor flight shot that was at least good enough to confirm, for recording purposes, that he was a Common hawker, my first – probably the only – Common hawker I will see this year.

I had been walking around the site for perhaps an hour, during which time the sun had mostly disappeared behind thick cloud, and I was beginning to think I should probably just head back to the train station when I picked up a movement below me, to my right, on a slab of stone. I had noticed that the Common darters were often to be seen sitting on the stones, presumably because they held any residual heat from the fleeting glimpses of sun. I watched for a while but couldn’t see anything so walked away but, before I did head back to the town, I checked one more time. And there it was, a single male Black darter, my first for 2026, sitting on the stone.