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Tag Archives: British leafminers

Leafmines: Stigmella trimaculella

21 Monday Oct 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, trees

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British leafminers, leaf-mining moth larvae, leaf-mining moths, leafminers, leafmines on Poplar, Stigmella trimaculella

My leaf-mining contacts on X/Twitter and now on Bluesky were posting their lovely images of a mine on Poplar leaves that I hadn’t seen before so, of course, I went looking. These photos (and many more) are the result.

241021 stigmella trimaculella (1)

Though the UK Moths website information on their distribution states that this moth can be found ‘throughout England, where it is fairly common except in the west’ and that ‘there are records from Scotland and Wales, but very few’, there are, in fact, over a hundred Welsh records and they are scattered throughout the country.

241021 stigmella trimaculella (2)

This is Stigmella trimaculella (I love its common name: Three-spot dot), whose larvae munch on the leaves of Populus species – that’s all the various types of Poplar, as well as Aspen. The mine starts out as a thin gallery, widening as the larva grows in size, eventually becoming a silvery blotch. As you can see in the photo below left, the larva is a greenish-yellow in colour and has a brown head. The mines can be found twice each year, between June and July and again from September to October.

241021 stigmella trimaculella (3)

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Leafmines: Caloptilia rufipennella

23 Monday Sep 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, trees

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British leafminers, Caloptilia rufipennella, leaf-mining moth larvae, leaf-mining moths, leafminers on Sycamore, sycamore

I was really pleased with my leaf-turning results on this particular Sycamore tree as I managed to find all three stages of this leaf-mining larva’s progress through the leaves. They illustrate quite well the breeding cycle of the little brown moth, Caloptilia rufipennella (you can see what it looks like on the UK Moths website).

240923 Caloptilia rufipennella (1)

After hatching from its egg, the larva chews away at the leaf, always in the angle between the veins, creating a small, often triangular-shaped blotch. The photos above show the upper and lower sides of the leaf where it has been feeding. The larva then moves to the tips of the lobes of the leaf where it creates a series of two or three cones, folding the tip of the lobe to create a little shelter in which to feed, each cone bigger than the previous one as the larva grows (as shown below).

240923 Caloptilia rufipennella (2)

And finally, once it’s fully grown, the larva weaves itself a little cocoon in which to pupate (see below). Interestingly, the UK Moths website says that Caloptilia rufipennella was discovered in Britain as recently as 1970 but is now quite common in most of England and Scotland. Wales doesn’t get a mention but the Welsh national database shows records starting in 1980 and now scattered across the country.

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

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Leafmines: Mompha raschkiella

16 Monday Sep 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, plants

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British leafminers, British moths, leaf-mining moth larvae, leaf-mining moths, leafmines on Rosebay willowherb, Mompha raschkiella

Between June and July, and then again in September, the leafmines of the gorgeous little moth Mompha raschkiella (check out the adult on the UK Moths website here) can be found on their food plant Rosebay willowherb (Chamaenerion angustifolium).

240916 mompha raschkiella (1)

Beginning with a narrow linear mine that frequently follows the leaf’s midrib, the larvae chew their way along the leaf, eventually creating a blotch with a slight yellow caste that’s scattered with its poop (frass). When fully grown, the larvae cut a slit in the leaf, dropping to the ground to pupate. You can read further and see more images on the British Leafminers website.

240916 mompha raschkiella (2)

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Leafmines: Antispila petryi

09 Monday Sep 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects

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Antispila petryi, British leafminers, Dogwood cutter, leaf-mining moth larvae, leaf-mining moths, leafmines on Dogwood

Prompted by a post on Twitter by Butterfly Conservation’s Head of Science Richard Fox, I spent some of last Monday’s walk checking for mines on the leaves of Dogwood (Cornus sanguinea), a plant I tend to ignore when leaf bothering. I got lucky, finding several mines when checking the first Dogwood I came across.

240909 Antispila petryi (1)

There are two leafminers that make very similar mines so it’s important to check the larvae if they’re still present. If the larvae have dark spots along the centre of their bodies, they are Antispila petryi (a little moth that’s also known as the Dogwood cutter); if there are no spots, they are Antispila metallela (Shining dogwood cutter). As you can see, the larvae I found have spots, so are the former.

240909 Antispila petryi (2)

When they are fully grown, the larvae cut out an oval from the leaf to make themselves a case and drop to the ground to pupate, hence the holes shown in my photos. The mines can be found from August to October.

240909 Antispila petryi (3)

When I checked the Welsh biodiversity records database, I found that there were very few Welsh records, and none in my area. However, a few days later I found more mines in another location so it seems that, like many other leafminers, this species is under-recorded. I’m now on the look out for the other species, Antispila metallela.

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Leafmines: Heterarthrus vagans

29 Monday Jul 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, trees

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Alder, British leafminers, Heterarthrus vagans, leaf-mining sawfly larvae, leafmines on Alder, sawfly larva

Another Monday, another leafmine. I noticed this one while checking out Alder leaves to see what small creatures had been munching holes in their leaves (more on those later this week). This blotch mine was made by the larva of sawfly Heterarthrus vagans (you can see what the adult sawfly looks like on the Sawflies website here).

240729 Heterarthrus vagans (1)

I thought initially this might have been the larva of sawfly Fenusa dohrnii – I was right about it being a sawfly but had the species wrong. Fortunately, I had held the leaf up to the light to get a slightly clearer photo of the larva within as, from looking at that, British Leafminers expert Rob was able to tell me: ‘It has a black “bow tie” … so is a Heterarthrus and as it is Alder it is Heterarthrus vagans‘. Who knew sawfly larvae wore bow ties? But it seems all the Heterarthrus species larvae have them. Very smart!

240729 Heterarthrus vagans (2)

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Leafmines: Scolioneura betuleti

24 Monday Jun 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, leaves, trees

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British leafminers, British sawflies, leaf-mining sawfly larvae, leafminers on Birch, sawfly larvae on Birch

Staring at the leaves of young Birch trees paid off once again when I recently spotted these large blotches.

240624 Scolioneura betuleti (2)

They were made by the larvae of Scolioneura betuleti, a small black sawfly – you can see a photo of the adult on The Sawflies of Britain and Ireland website. The larvae are active in early summer and again in the autumn – the British Leafminers website has images of the distinctive larvae.

240624 Scolioneura betuleti (1)

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Leafminers: Eriocrania sangii

13 Monday May 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, trees

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Birch, British leafminers, British moths, Eriocrania sangii, leaf-mining moth larvae, leafmine on Birch

Last week I covered Eriocrania semipurpurella; this week’s leafminer is the second of the eight British Eriocraniidae moth species I’ve now found mining the leaves of Birch trees.

240513 Eriocrania sangii (1)

This dark grey larva (the colour makes this the easiest of the family to identify) will eventually develop into the moth Eriocrania sangii, which looks to be a very pretty sparkly purple if the image on the UK Moths website is true to life.

240513 Eriocrania sangii (2)

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Leafminers: Eriocrania semipurpurella

06 Monday May 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, trees

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British leafminers, British moths, Eriocrania semipurpurella, Eriocraniidae, leaf-mining moth larvae, leafmine on Birch

There are eight Eriocraniidae species of moth in Britain, the larvae of which can all be found mining the leaves of Birch trees at this time of year. And this means that, whenever I’m out walking and pass a Birch tree, I have to stop and stare at its leaves, looking for the signs of leaf mining. This is the first one I’ve found, Eriocrania semipurpurella, and it’s the biggest and most common of the Eriocraniidae. You can see what the adult moth looks like on the UK Moths website here.

240506 Eriocrania semipurpurella (1)

The entry on the British Leafminers website explains: ‘The mine starts at or near the leaf edge and then widens into a blotch. The young larva has a dark head and sclerotizations on the prothorax (as shown) [click the link to see the images]. As the larva matures it loses these dark markings….’ I am still finding these mines tricky to differentiate – the British Leafminers site has a page of images that is a good starting point, and I’m lucky to have contact with one of the site managers, Rob Edmunds, so can easily get my finds checked.

240506 Eriocrania semipurpurella (2)

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L is for leafminers

17 Sunday Dec 2023

Posted by sconzani in insects, leaves, plants, trees

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British leafminers, leaf-mining fly larvae, leaf-mining moth larvae, leafminers, leafmines, leafmines on plants, leafmines on trees

As a result of standing staring for hours at leaves, I’ve found lots and lots of lovely new-to-me leafminers this year. Here’s a summary of those I’ve blogged about:

On 13 February, Leafmines: Phyllonorycter ulicicolella covered the tricky-to-find mines of tiny moth larvae on gorse. In Leafmines: Eriocrania unimaculella, 22 May, the larvae of a different moth were mining Birch leaves, and, on 26 June, Leafmines: Mompha terminella, featured more moth larvae mines, this time on Enchanter’s nightshade. In October the moth miners were munching on Hawthorn leaves (Leafmines: Bucculatrix bechsteinella, 2 October) and on Blackthorn (Leafmines: Lyonetia prunifoliella, 9 October). The only new non-moth miner of the year was a fly whose larvae were found mining the leaves of Alder (Leafmines: Agromyza alnivora, 16 October) and, later in October, we were back to moth miners, with Hawthorn once again the plant of choice (Leafmines: Phyllonorycter corylifoliella, 23 October). In November, a willow moth miner I’d mentioned once before in passing starred in its very own blog (Leafmines: Phyllonorycter viminiella, 20 November) and, a week later, on 27 November, another moth larva was found on the leaves of a rose species (Leafmines: Stigmella anomalella). The final leafminer find of 2023 was yet another moth, this time devouring the leaves of Wild privet (Leafmines: Gracillaria syringella, 4 December).

231217 leafmines

I’ve already referenced the three case-bearing moth larvae leafminers in an earlier countdown blog (C is for Coleophora) but, just for completeness, I’ll also link to them here: Leafmines: Coleophora lutipennella on 1 May, Leafmines: Coleophora serratella on 15 May, and Leafmines: Coleophora gryphipennella on 13 November.

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Leafmines: Stigmella anomalella

27 Monday Nov 2023

Posted by sconzani in insects, leaves, plants

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British leafminers, Dog rose, leaf-mining moth larvae, leaf-mining moths, leafminers, moth leafmines on Dog rose, Stigmella anomalella

This particular Dog rose (Rosa canina) was generous with its leafminers. Not only did I see the feeding signs and case-bearing larva of Coleophora gryphipennella (see my 13 November blog post) but I also found my first leafmines of Stigmella anomalella, also known appropriately enough as the Rose leaf miner (there are photos of the adult moth on the UK Moths website).

231127 Stigmella anomalella

As you can see, the larvae create long meandering galleries that are initially narrow and completely filled with frass, then later widen to show clear space on either side of the line of frass. The British Leafminers website notes that the gallery often ‘crosses back over itself’ as my image shows – well, actually, it’s crossing back under itself, but you get the idea. I was also lucky to spot larvae in mines on two of the leaves I looked at. These mines can be found around July and then again between October and December, so check out those Dog rose leaves before they all fall.

231127 Stigmella anomalella (2)

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About me

sconzani

sconzani

I'm a writer and photographer; researcher and blogger; birder and nature lover; countryside rambler and city strider; volunteer and biodiversity recorder.

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