Monthly Archives: September 2025

More moth appreciation

10 Wednesday Sep 2025

Posted by in insects

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

, , , , , , , ,

It’s moth appreciation time. Here are a few recent finds …

I thought it would be interesting to place these two ermine moths together so as to show their differences. On the left is an Orchard ermine (Yponomeuta padella), on the right a Bird-cherry ermine (Yponomeuta evonymella). To identify these and the several other species of ermine moths, you need to look carefully at the patterns of their spots and also at their food plants. The Bird-cherry has five rows of black dots on the forewing, so is quite distinctive. The Orchard ermine is very similar in appearance to a couple of other ermines, the Apple ermine and the Spindle ermine, so knowing their food plants is a great help (for the Orchard, they are Blackthorn, Hawthorn and Cherry, while the key to the other two is in their names, Apple and Spindle).

The Mint moth (Pyrausta aurata) can also be a bit tricksy to ID, as it’s very similar to the Common purple-and-gold (Pyrausta purpuralis), but the latter has distinctive light spots on its hind wings, which the Mint moth does not. Unsurprisingly, the Mint moth is often found on or near plants from the Mint (Mentha) family.

This, in my opinion, is the loveliest of today’s moths, the Mother of pearl (Pleuroptya ruralis), named for the pearlescent sheen of its wings. I must remember to look for its larvae, which feed in rolled-up leaves on Nettle plants (I can feel those stings already!).

For me, seeing a Rush veneer (Nomophila noctuella) – or, usually, several Rush veneers in one day – means warm winds are blowing from the south, bringing in migrating insects from Europe. And they are exactly the weather conditions we were experiencing over a couple of days very recently, when I saw more than six of these moths in just a few hours during a coastal walk.

Spider: Agalenatea redii

09 Tuesday Sep 2025

Posted by in spiders

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

, , ,

I met this handsome little spider, a Gorse orbweb spider (Agalenatea redii) in a local field where once there had been a medieval village (no trace of the village remains above ground, except perhaps if you squint a certain way at small lumps and bumps in the grass).

I was actually checking the dying flower heads of Knapweed for insects, now difficult to find after our prolonged period of drought, and didn’t at first notice the little spider, so well did its colours blend with its surroundings. But then I noticed a series of tiny black eyes watching me from behind a fringe of long pale hairs.

My guide book observes that Agalenatea redii is most often found ‘amongst heath and gorse, and in rough grassland, often in rather damp situations, where it spins its web fairly low down amongst the stems. A retreat is often constructed in an adjacent dead flower head.’ So, perhaps, I had found my watchful little friend sitting comfortably in its retreat, waiting for its next meal to stumble into, and be ensnared in, its web.

Leafmines: Bedellia somnulentella

08 Monday Sep 2025

Posted by in insects, leaves, plants

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

, , , , , , ,

I’m particularly pleased to share this new leafminer as it’s not often that I find the signs of the mine, a larva within said mine, larvae resting outside their mines, and also a pupa, but here they are. These were found during two walks around the edge of a local recreation ground with, perhaps surprisingly, the pupa being seen on 9 August, a couple of weeks before I found the larvae (on 27 August) on plants that were a couple of hundred metres from the initial find site.

These mines are the work of the larvae of the moth Bedellia somnulentella, the adult of which is something of a ‘little brown job’, as you can see on the UK Moths website. The larval plants include both Field bindweed (as shown here) and Hedge bindweed, as well as Morning glory, and, though the mine begins as a gallery, this appears to be subsumed by the later blotch, as blotches were all I noticed.

These larvae have some interesting habits: they weave silken threads below their mines to create resting places outside their mines (an unusual habit). The threads would not be easy to spot, except for the fact that the larvae’s frass is also caught by them and so appears as scattered clumps and strings of pooh.

When they’ve finished feeding and their development is complete, the larvae exit their blotches and pupate suspended amongst their silken threads. They’re fascinating little creatures.

 

Butterflies on Creeping thistle

07 Sunday Sep 2025

Posted by in insects

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

, , , , , , ,

Creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense) is a much maligned plant. I understand that it can be prolific and somewhat invasive given the right growth conditions but, at this time of year, when many other wildflowers are going over and the last of the summer insects are struggling to find food, it is a gift from the gods.

This is especially true this year, following a long hot and very dry summer. Though we’ve had rain on and off this past week, the remaining wildflowers have been slow to bounce back to life – and many are past recovering.

Not so the Creeping thistle, which I have seen providing much-needed nectar to thirsty flies, beetles, and butterflies, like the Small coppers and Common blues shown here.

Finally, a Grey seal

06 Saturday Sep 2025

Posted by in mammal

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

, , , , , ,

I’ve lost count of the number of times I’ve seen birding friends in my local WhatsApp group post about the seals they’ve seen while birding around the Cardiff Bay Barrage. I’ve lived in this area for 10 years and it wasn’t until the Wednesday just past that I saw my first. I’d stomped down to the Bay between squally showers to try to see the Arctic tern that had blown in – and I did see that, distantly fishing on the other side of the Bay, but I was completely mesmerised when I spotted the seal.

It was very close to the Barrage sluice gates that control the amount of water in the Bay; the gates are opened to allow water that flows in to the Bay from the rivers Taff and Ely to flow out to the Bristol Channel. The outgoing water often contains fish, hence the frequent sight of Cormorants diving near the sluices for their lunch and the occasional visit from a hungry seal.

As I don’t see them very often, I don’t know much about seals but I do know this is a Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) and, from its large size, most likely a male/bull. There is a breeding colony of Grey seals further down the Bristol Channel on Lundy, an island owned by the National Trust. From reading the information on their website, I’ve just learned why the seal kept disappearing for long periods, when I thought it should be surfacing to breathe. It turns out they can dive for up to 20 minutes at a time when searching for fish. I didn’t see this one with a fish, though I guess it could’ve gobbled down any it caught while still underwater. It was a joy to watch, between squalls.

Fungus: Ergot

05 Friday Sep 2025

Posted by in fungi

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

, , , , , ,

I’m sure most of you will have heard of ergot poisoning or, at the very least, some of the notable times in history when humans have felt its effects. The Salem witch trials, which took place in Massachusetts in 1692-93 and where over 200 people were accused of witchcraft and 20 were executed, are probably the most well known; the unfortunate ‘witches’ are now thought to have been suffering from a form of ergotism. Through researching this post, I’ve also learned that ‘severe ergot epidemics in France between 900 AD and 1300 AD killed between 20,000 to 50,000 people’, and that ‘Julius Caesar lost legions of soldiers to ergot poisoning during his campaigns in Gaul’. And these are just a few of the more well-known examples; ergotism has been affecting humans since our ancestors first began eating grains and cereals.

Ergot (Claviceps purpurea) is a fungal pathogen that grows on many cereal species, including wheat, rye and barley. When ingested by humans and animals, the toxins contained in the fungus cause ergotism, the effects of which can include convulsions, hallucinations, gangrenous limbs, and, in severe cases, even death. These days, cereal producers and government regulatory bodies are very much aware of the dangers of ergot, and have precautionary measures in place to reduce its presence in food and feed to an absolute minimum. This is excellent news, as 2025 seems to be a good year, in terms of climate and environmental conditions, for the growth of the ergot fungus, if my finds in local fields are anything to go by. The small dark horn-shaped masses you can see in my photos indicate that these plants are infected with ergot; the masses, which replace the grains in cereals and grasses, are called sclerotia. So, with the subject of today’s post, it’s a case of look and be fascinated but definitely don’t be tempted to consume.

Amongst many other places, you can read more about ergot on the UK website of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board and, in the US, on the United States Forest Service agency website.

Two lacewings

04 Thursday Sep 2025

Posted by in insects

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

, , , , ,

This is one of those posts where I need to add a cautionary note at the beginning: the species of these lacewings have not yet been verified. In fact, I don’t think any of my lacewing records have ever been verified, which likely means that there is no lacewing expert able to volunteer their time for this task (I must add that I am full of praise for those experts that do volunteer their time as local or national recorders/verifiers) and also that it may not be possible to definitively identify these creatures without microscopic examination. Still, they are beautiful, and I felt them worth sharing.

So, after looking closely at the markings on their wings and checking they were in habitats where they might be expected to live, I think these are both Hemerobiidae (Brown lacewing) species, and I have tentatively labelled the lacewing pictured above as Hemerobius micans. The Naturespot entry for this species states that it ‘has wings which are quite yellow in colour and which have dark dashes on some longitudinal veins, not dots as in some similar species’ and is found ‘with deciduous trees, especially mature oaks’, which is consistent with my findings for this specimen.

I am even more wary of naming this second lacewing but I wonder if it might be Hemerobius humulinus. After once again consulting the Naturespot website, I found one particular image which shows the wing venation and this appears consistent with what I can see in my photograph. Both these species were found in deciduous woodland, which also fits the species description.

Nb. I did find a Lacewings and Allies Recording Scheme website but it has thus far been populated with very little information; there is a link to a winter 2024 newsletter but many of the pages are relatively empty.

Closterotomus cousins

03 Wednesday Sep 2025

Posted by in insects

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

, , , , , ,

This is a tale of two Closterotomuses – Closterotomi?

The first is Closterotomus norwegicus, also known as the Potato capsid, though I’m not sure why it has that common name. The British Bugs website says it ‘feeds on a wide range of plants, especially nettles, composites and clovers’, with no mention of potatoes. It’s a handsome little bug and quite common, though can be confused with other similar mirid bugs – the British Bugs page lists some of the distinguishing features to look out for.

This second Closterotomus species is C. fulvomaculatus – no common name that I’m aware of. It can be seen between June and August, so we’re right at the end of its date range now but there may still be time to spot it on scrub and in hedgerows where it feeds on nettles and meadowsweet. Apparently, it’s also quite partial to hops, but we don’t have those in my local area. It looks like just another brown bug until you look more closely and notice the lovely golden hairs that cover its upper body.

Avian juveniles

02 Tuesday Sep 2025

Posted by in birds

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

, , , , , , , , , ,

I feel like we haven’t had enough birds on here lately so let’s take a look at some of this year’s juveniles …

There are quite a lot of young Chiffchaffs flitting around the trees and bushes now, in the throes of making their first migration flights south for the winter, though, with the warming climate, many Chiffchiffs also now over-winter in southern parts of Britain.

This was the first juvenile Collared dove I’d ever seen and it was probably the fact that it was a juvenile that made it much less wary of this photographer’s lens than its parents would’ve been.

Though it hardly seems possible to be more adorable than an adult Long-tailed tit, I think the offspring outdo their parents in the cuteness department.

Likewise young Robins, which are even more endearing and much less feisty than the adult versions. And I do think their juvenile plumage is very attractive too.

This little one was my first juvenile Stonechat of the year, spotted last week at the local country park with an adult male. These birds will also be in the process of moving from their more northerly breeding grounds to warmer winter climes.

A squirrel surprise

01 Monday Sep 2025

Posted by in animals, mammal

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

, , ,

In my new flat I have my dining table-cum-desk set up in front of the living room windows so I can enjoy views of the adjacent woodland and the Bristol Channel at the bottom of the garden while I’m writing these blogs or eating my meals. On Saturday morning, when I was eating my breakfast, I heard a Grey squirrel making the strange whining / moaning / screeching sounds they sometimes utter. It sounded very close but I couldn’t see anything when looking straight out the windows, so got up to have a more thorough look all around. This is what I saw just outside the (tilted) open window.

My flat is on the middle of three floors and the site slopes quite steeply away below, so the squirrel was probably 30 feet from the ground. I suppose that’s not a great height for a squirrel that can climb tall trees – I just never expected one would climb up the side of the building, but the stucco surface seemed to be providing good purchase for its claws. I’m a bit of a fresh air fiend so, when I go out, I often leave my windows open as I’ve no concerns about potential burglars. Now, though, I’m wondering if one day I might get home and find a squirrel has come to investigate!