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Category Archives: trees

Leafmines: Scolioneura betuleti

24 Monday Jun 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, leaves, trees

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British leafminers, British sawflies, leaf-mining sawfly larvae, leafminers on Birch, sawfly larvae on Birch

Staring at the leaves of young Birch trees paid off once again when I recently spotted these large blotches.

240624 Scolioneura betuleti (2)

They were made by the larvae of Scolioneura betuleti, a small black sawfly – you can see a photo of the adult on The Sawflies of Britain and Ireland website. The larvae are active in early summer and again in the autumn – the British Leafminers website has images of the distinctive larvae.

240624 Scolioneura betuleti (1)

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Leafmines: Agromyza albitarsis

17 Monday Jun 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, trees

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Agromyza albitarsis, British leafmines, leaf-mining fly larvae, leafmine, leafmine on White poplar, White poplar

I hadn’t found any new leafminers for a while so was delighted recently to find two within five minutes of each other. These two mines were the first I spotted, here on the leaves of White poplar (Populus alba), though they can also be found on other Poplar (Populus) and Willow (Salix) species.

240617 agromyza albitarsis

These are the larval mines of the little fly Agromyza albitarsis – you can see what the adult fly looks like by clicking on the ‘images’ tab on the National Agromyzidae Recording Scheme website. I couldn’t actually count how many larvae were present in these mines but have read that they often feed communally, forming large green blotches that eventually turns a dark brown-black colour.

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Galls: Taphrina pruni

28 Tuesday May 2024

Posted by sconzani in fungi, trees

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Bladder plum gall, British galls, gall caused by fungal pathogen, gall on Blackthorn, gall on plum tree, Pocket plum gall, Taphrina pruni

I’ve looked for these galls for some time, and, like that saying about buses (‘you wait ages for one, then two come along at the same time’), I’ve now seen them twice in the past couple of days.

240528 taphrina pruni (1)

Though you’d be forgiven for not recognising them, these are the fruit of the Blackthorn or Sloe (Prunus spinosa) but they have been attacked by a fungal pathogen. That pathogen changes the shape and the colour of the fruit and, if you were to split one open (which I did), you would find that there is no stone inside (or, rather, there is a miniscule speck of brown matter that would have developed in to a stone). The gall is sometimes referred to the Pocket or Bladder plum gall and can also affect domestic plum trees.

240528 taphrina pruni (2)

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Leafmines: Orchestes quercus

27 Monday May 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, trees

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British leafmines, leafmine on Oak, leafmining weevil, oak tree, Orchestes quercus, weevil leafmines

During a wander along the woodland rides of Casehill Woods last Saturday, I spent some time checking Oak leaves for whatever creatures might be living amongst them. One of my finds was this leafmine, a new one for me, made not by a moth or a fly as most leafmines are, but by a weevil.

240527 Orchestes quercus (1)

A female Orchestes quercus weevil laid her egg in the central rib of the leaf (you can see the scar in the photo on the right, below). Once hatched, the larva munched its way down the side of the leaf rib, creating a thin gallery in the epidermis, before its more voracious feeding as it grew created a large blotch mine at the tip of the leaf.

240527 Orchestes quercus (2)

The UK Beetles website has a photo of the adult weevil, a tiny brown hairy creature around 3mm long. Although I searched for any weevils amongst the Oak leaves (I also found the larval mines of another weevil, Orchestes hortorum, formerly O. signifier), I found none.

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Leafminers: Eriocrania sangii

13 Monday May 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, trees

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Birch, British leafminers, British moths, Eriocrania sangii, leaf-mining moth larvae, leafmine on Birch

Last week I covered Eriocrania semipurpurella; this week’s leafminer is the second of the eight British Eriocraniidae moth species I’ve now found mining the leaves of Birch trees.

240513 Eriocrania sangii (1)

This dark grey larva (the colour makes this the easiest of the family to identify) will eventually develop into the moth Eriocrania sangii, which looks to be a very pretty sparkly purple if the image on the UK Moths website is true to life.

240513 Eriocrania sangii (2)

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Leafminers: Eriocrania semipurpurella

06 Monday May 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, trees

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British leafminers, British moths, Eriocrania semipurpurella, Eriocraniidae, leaf-mining moth larvae, leafmine on Birch

There are eight Eriocraniidae species of moth in Britain, the larvae of which can all be found mining the leaves of Birch trees at this time of year. And this means that, whenever I’m out walking and pass a Birch tree, I have to stop and stare at its leaves, looking for the signs of leaf mining. This is the first one I’ve found, Eriocrania semipurpurella, and it’s the biggest and most common of the Eriocraniidae. You can see what the adult moth looks like on the UK Moths website here.

240506 Eriocrania semipurpurella (1)

The entry on the British Leafminers website explains: ‘The mine starts at or near the leaf edge and then widens into a blotch. The young larva has a dark head and sclerotizations on the prothorax (as shown) [click the link to see the images]. As the larva matures it loses these dark markings….’ I am still finding these mines tricky to differentiate – the British Leafminers site has a page of images that is a good starting point, and I’m lucky to have contact with one of the site managers, Rob Edmunds, so can easily get my finds checked.

240506 Eriocrania semipurpurella (2)

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Beetles on dead Ash

01 Wednesday May 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, trees

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bark beetles, beetle burrows on Ash, beetles on Ash, British beetles, burrows of Ash bark beetles, Vincenzellus ruficollis

When I first spotted my mystery beetle, I thought perhaps it, and others of its kind, had been responsible for making the burrowing marks under the bark of the many dead Ash trees I saw around me.

240501 ash bark beetle (1)

But no. Those marks were likely made by the Ash bark beetle (Hylesinus varius), a small brown beetle that you can see on the NatureSpot website here. I’ve yet to find one of those destructive little creatures. And, when I got home and searched online, I struggled to find the name of the tiny metallic-green beetle I had found but, luckily, my friendly local bee expert had a couple of suggestions: ‘The beetle is either Salpingus ruficollis or Vincenzellus ruficollis’.

240501 ash bark beetle (2)

I checked both those names and decided, from the distinctive shape of the snout, that mine was likely to be Vincenzellus ruficollis, though this hasn’t yet been confirmed. It seems I was fortunate to spot this little critter as the UK Beetles website says, amongst other things, that they are ‘exclusively nocturnal and easy to spot as they crawl around on trunks and branches predating small insects and their early stages. Breeding occurs in the spring and larvae develop under bark, they are predatory and often occur near bark beetle burrows or among masses of mycelia and have been recorded from a wide range of deciduous trees….’

240501 ash bark beetle (3)

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Leafminers : Coleophora lusciniaepennella

22 Monday Apr 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, trees

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British moths, case-bearing caterpillar, case-bearing moth larva, Case-bearing moth on willow, Coleophora, Coleophora lusciniaepennella, Willow case-bearer

Last Wednesday I found my first active case-bearing moth larva of the year and it was a new species for me, the appropriately named Willow case-bearer (Coleophora lusciniaepennella), feeding, as its name implies, on Willow (one of the Salix species). There are not a lot of local records for this moth but Rob Edmunds of the British Leafminers website explained that these larvae feed up and disappear (to pupate) very quickly, so it seems a case of blink and you miss them. I was just very lucky. You can see the rather non-descript adult moth on the UK Moths website and find more about its larval stage on the British Leafminers website.

240422 Coleophora lusciniaepennella

My photos show the general location of the casebearer within the tree, what you see on the top side of the leaf, and views of either side of its cosy looking case.

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WildflowerHour: Tree flowers

14 Sunday Apr 2024

Posted by sconzani in flowers, trees

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#WildflowerHour, British trees, tree flowers

The challenge for this week’s #WildflowerHour on social media was to find as many tree flowers as possible. Here’s my contribution …

240414 ash birch blackthorn

Ash, Birch (not sure which species), and Blackthorn

240414 cherry laurel hawthorn

Cherry laurel (probably a garden escape) and Hawthorn

240414 maple field norway ornamental cherry

Field and Norway maples, plus I couldn’t resist adding an ornamental Cherry in to the mix, as they’re looking so gorgeous at the moment.

240414 willow female male

Goat willow, I think, female above and male below – Goat willows are dioecious, i.e. male and female flowers are on separate trees.

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May flower in March

31 Sunday Mar 2024

Posted by sconzani in flowers, spring, trees

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Crataegus monogyna, Hawthorn, May-tree, Spring blossom

Hawthorn is often called the May tree because it usually flowers during May but, with our wacky weather and changing climate, it’s now flowering at the end of March.

240331 hawthorn blossom

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About me

sconzani

sconzani

I'm a writer and photographer; researcher and blogger; birder and nature lover; countryside rambler and city strider; volunteer and biodiversity recorder.

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Recent blog posts

  • City Hall Peregrine January 12, 2026
  • Blackthorn in bloom January 11, 2026
  • Weevil: Mecinus pyraster January 10, 2026
  • Red in beak and claw January 9, 2026
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