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Category Archives: trees

Beetles on dead Ash

01 Wednesday May 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, trees

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Tags

bark beetles, beetle burrows on Ash, beetles on Ash, British beetles, burrows of Ash bark beetles, Vincenzellus ruficollis

When I first spotted my mystery beetle, I thought perhaps it, and others of its kind, had been responsible for making the burrowing marks under the bark of the many dead Ash trees I saw around me.

240501 ash bark beetle (1)

But no. Those marks were likely made by the Ash bark beetle (Hylesinus varius), a small brown beetle that you can see on the NatureSpot website here. I’ve yet to find one of those destructive little creatures. And, when I got home and searched online, I struggled to find the name of the tiny metallic-green beetle I had found but, luckily, my friendly local bee expert had a couple of suggestions: ‘The beetle is either Salpingus ruficollis or Vincenzellus ruficollis’.

240501 ash bark beetle (2)

I checked both those names and decided, from the distinctive shape of the snout, that mine was likely to be Vincenzellus ruficollis, though this hasn’t yet been confirmed. It seems I was fortunate to spot this little critter as the UK Beetles website says, amongst other things, that they are ‘exclusively nocturnal and easy to spot as they crawl around on trunks and branches predating small insects and their early stages. Breeding occurs in the spring and larvae develop under bark, they are predatory and often occur near bark beetle burrows or among masses of mycelia and have been recorded from a wide range of deciduous trees….’

240501 ash bark beetle (3)

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Leafminers : Coleophora lusciniaepennella

22 Monday Apr 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, trees

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Tags

British moths, case-bearing caterpillar, case-bearing moth larva, Case-bearing moth on willow, Coleophora, Coleophora lusciniaepennella, Willow case-bearer

Last Wednesday I found my first active case-bearing moth larva of the year and it was a new species for me, the appropriately named Willow case-bearer (Coleophora lusciniaepennella), feeding, as its name implies, on Willow (one of the Salix species). There are not a lot of local records for this moth but Rob Edmunds of the British Leafminers website explained that these larvae feed up and disappear (to pupate) very quickly, so it seems a case of blink and you miss them. I was just very lucky. You can see the rather non-descript adult moth on the UK Moths website and find more about its larval stage on the British Leafminers website.

240422 Coleophora lusciniaepennella

My photos show the general location of the casebearer within the tree, what you see on the top side of the leaf, and views of either side of its cosy looking case.

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WildflowerHour: Tree flowers

14 Sunday Apr 2024

Posted by sconzani in flowers, trees

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#WildflowerHour, British trees, tree flowers

The challenge for this week’s #WildflowerHour on social media was to find as many tree flowers as possible. Here’s my contribution …

240414 ash birch blackthorn

Ash, Birch (not sure which species), and Blackthorn

240414 cherry laurel hawthorn

Cherry laurel (probably a garden escape) and Hawthorn

240414 maple field norway ornamental cherry

Field and Norway maples, plus I couldn’t resist adding an ornamental Cherry in to the mix, as they’re looking so gorgeous at the moment.

240414 willow female male

Goat willow, I think, female above and male below – Goat willows are dioecious, i.e. male and female flowers are on separate trees.

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May flower in March

31 Sunday Mar 2024

Posted by sconzani in flowers, spring, trees

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Crataegus monogyna, Hawthorn, May-tree, Spring blossom

Hawthorn is often called the May tree because it usually flowers during May but, with our wacky weather and changing climate, it’s now flowering at the end of March.

240331 hawthorn blossom

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Willow catkins

10 Sunday Mar 2024

Posted by sconzani in spring, trees

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Goat willow, Grey willow, male willow catkins, Pussy willow, Salix caprea, Salix cinerea, willow catkins

It’s that time of year when pussy willow – the gorgeous male catkins of the Goat willow (Salix caprea) and Grey willow (Salix cinerea) – is gracing the trees.

240310 willow catkins (1)

In Flora Britannica, Richard Mabey writes that ‘Because so little else was in leaf or flowers at this early season [early Spring], sprays of sallow have frequently been used as “palm” to decorate churches at Eastertide.’

240310 willow catkins (2)

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Rhizobium radiobacter

01 Friday Mar 2024

Posted by sconzani in trees

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Agrobacterium tumefaciens, British galls, Crown gall, gall on willow, pathogen-causing gall, plant pathogen, Rhizobium radiobacter

This is a strange one! I found some odd galls on a couple of willows (Salix species), large round lumpy masses around the base of the trunks, smaller lumpy growths further up the trunks and on the branches.

It turns out these are caused by a plant pathogen. I found a pdf on The British Society for Plant Pathology website, with the following explanation:

Rhizobium radiobacter is a soil-living, gram-negative, motile rod-shaped bacterium. It is a biotrophic pathogen that can alter the physiology and morphology of its host plant without killing it, resulting in tumourlike structures or galls. Prior to 2001, gall forming R. radiobacter was called Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

The pathogen enters the plant tissue through wounds, and the galls, also known as Crown galls, can be found on a huge variety of plant species. The one-page BSPP pdf has more information if you’re interested.

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Catkin miner: Epinotia tenerana

13 Tuesday Feb 2024

Posted by sconzani in insects, trees

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British moths, catkin miners, Epinotia tenerana, Hazel, larvae in Hazel catkins, moth larvae in catkins, Nut Bud moth

Much excitement last Sunday! I sent this tweet to Rob, who runs the British Leafminers website:

I’ve got larvae emerging from Hazel catkins!!! The lid of the container was slightly ajar & one’s done a runner, first to a cactus, now on a succulent on my kitchen window. The other’s still in the container. Might these be Epinotia tenerana?

240213 Epinotia tenerana (1)

Rob kindly confirmed my identification of these little critters as the larvae of the Nut Bud moth (Epinotia tenerana). Though these are obviously not leafminers, it was, in fact, Rob who inspired me to collect these catkins in the first place. In a tweet a couple of weeks ago, he also recommended harvesting catkins from Birch, native Alder and Italian alder, and putting them in containers to see what might emerge from them. He wasn’t specific about what to expect but I was intrigued so went a’harvesting.

240213 Epinotia tenerana (2)

If I had the right equipment and more space, I would try to rear these larvae. If you want to try this for yourself, you can read more about this moth and find instructions on the UK Moths website.

240213 Epinotia tenerana (3)

Unfortunately, there’s no sign of anything in my other containers so I might try collecting catkins from different locations and trying again.

240213 Epinotia tenerana (4)

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Mid-February winter 10

11 Sunday Feb 2024

Posted by sconzani in flowers, trees, wildflowers

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British wildflowers, tree flowers, winter colour, winter wildflowers in bloom

Despite this having been a very wet week, the temperatures have been quite mild and, in some cases – as with the ornamental Cherry tree outside my flat, for example – I’ve felt like I could almost see the buds fattening. So, it comes as no surprise to me that, this week, I’ve managed to find ten species of wildflower and tree in flower: Alder, Field speedwell, Dandelion, Lesser celandine, Primrose, Wild strawberry, Sweet violet, Common fumitory, Three-cornered leek, and Red dead-nettle.

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Witch’s broom

16 Tuesday Jan 2024

Posted by sconzani in fungi, trees

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Birch, bundle of sticks on Birch, gall on Birch tree, Taphrina betulina, Witch's broom, Witches' broom

When I went to north Cardiff last week to see the Waxwings, I also had a walk around nearby Heath Park and found one of the best examples I’ve ever seen locally of Witch’s (or Witches’) broom. One tall Birch tree had a particularly large ‘broom’, a dense twisted mass of twigs and small branches, and several smaller ones just beginning to form.

240116 witchs broom (1)

Witch’s brooms can be found on several different tree species and, according to an entry on the Woodland Trust website, they are likely caused ‘by fungal, viral or bacterial activity, and occasionally insect activity’. However, it is generally agreed that brooms on Birch trees are caused by the fungus, Taphrina betulina.

240116 witchs broom (2)

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Blackbirds and berries

15 Monday Jan 2024

Posted by sconzani in birds, trees

≈ 2 Comments

Tags

berries, birding, birdwatching, blackbird eating berries, British birds

I mentioned yesterday that any remaining berries are fast disappearing as hungry birds search for sustenance in the cold winter weather. Well, here’s one of those berry eaters, the one that I find a bit more cooperative when it comes to photographs than many of the other berry-eating birds, the beautiful Blackbird. (I find Redwing and Fieldfare, Song and Mistle thrushes all tend to be a little more elusive.)

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About me

sconzani

sconzani

I'm a writer and photographer; researcher and blogger; birder and nature lover; countryside rambler and city strider; volunteer and biodiversity recorder.

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