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Category Archives: plants

Leafmines: on Teasel

26 Monday Jul 2021

Posted by sconzani in plants

≈ 2 Comments

Tags

Agromyza dipsaci, British leaf mines, fly mines on Teasel, leaf mines, leaf-mining fly larvae, leafminers, Teasel

I wasn’t aware of any leafmines on Teasel until I saw a post on Twitter on 23 June by @leafminerman Rob Edmunds. Since then, I’ve been checking the newly sprouted leaves of Teasel whenever I see them. And, finally, on Friday I spotted some mines on a small group of Teasel plants at Cosmeston Lakes Country Park.

210726 Agromyza dipsaci (1)
210726 Agromyza dipsaci (2)

These are the mines of the fly Agromyza dipsaci, another tiny creature I’ll probably never see but I know it’s around from seeing its larval home. The mines appear in early summer once the Teasel leaves start growing, the blotch usually starting at the edge of the leaf and broadening as the larva consumes more and grows. Its large grains of frass can often be seen inside the mine, as shown in the photo on the right above.

210726 Agromyza dipsaci (3)

The British leafminers website reports that this is an uncommon miner in the UK so I thought I’d check the records. Sure enough, there are only four Welsh records showing in Aderyn, the country’s biodiversity database – five when my record is included, and only seventeen records (including the four Welsh ones) on the NBN Atlas, the British database. It may be, though, that like many invertebrate species, this little fly is under-recorded. So, if you spot these mines on Teasel near you, please make sure to record your sightings.

210726 Agromyza dipsaci (4)

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The Andrex plant?

22 Thursday Jul 2021

Posted by sconzani in flowers, plants, wildflowers

≈ 2 Comments

Tags

British wildflowers, Great mullein, yellow flowers, yellow wildflowers

I had to laugh when I read in Flora Britannica that, because this plant’s large leaves feel like they are covered in soft grey wool: ‘In a more modern – and practical – vein, mullein has been nicknamed “the Andrex plant”, and its leaves used accordingly.’ I cannot attest to the veracity of this statement!

210722 great mullein (1)
210722 great mullein (2)

This is Great mullein (Verbascum thapsus), which also has some wonderful, less recent vernacular names: Aaron’s Rod, Hagtapers, Adam’s flannel, and Our Lady’s candle. These names are no doubt inspired partly by those leaves and also by the enormous yellow-flowered spike, which can grow to four or five feet tall. Mullein is a biennial plant: in its first year there is just a rosette of leaves, and it’s not till its second year that the flower spike grows.

210722 great mullein (3)
210722 great mullein (4)
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Marsh helleborines

07 Wednesday Jul 2021

Posted by sconzani in flowers, plants, wildflowers

≈ 4 Comments

Tags

British orchids, Epipactis palustris, Marsh helleborine, native orchids

As their current conservation status in Britain is rated amber, meaning they are vulnerable and near-threatened, I feel privileged to have within easy travelling distance a large colony of Marsh helleborines (Epipactis palustris).

210707 marsh helleborine (1)

And, as our rainfall levels in Wales during May were the highest recorded since records began in 1862, this has been a very good year for a plant that thrives in the wet – hence, the ‘Marsh’ in its name.

210707 marsh helleborine (2)
210707 marsh helleborine (3)

These are low-growing orchids, no more than a foot in height, but it is well worth getting down to their level to appreciate more fully the elegant and delicate beauty of their flowers. To my fanciful eye, they sometimes resemble a woman dancing, her frilly white petticoats swirling about her. At other times, I see a white blouse, with an extravagant ruffle down the front, like the jabot worn by some judges. What do you see?

210707 marsh helleborine (4)

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Leafmines: Enchanter’s nightshade

03 Saturday Jul 2021

Posted by sconzani in insects, plants

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Tags

British leaf mines, British moths, Enchanter's nightshade, Larval mines of Mompha langiella, leafmines on Enchanter's nightshade, Mompha langiella, moth leafmines

I’ve been lingering over leafmines again and have a new one to show you, this time on the lovely little plant that carpets the woodland floor at this time of year, Enchanter’s nightshade (Circaea lutetiana).

210703 Mompha langiella on Enchanters nightshade (1)
210703 Mompha langiella on Enchanters nightshade (2)

The mines, which start off as galleries but are often subsumed into the later blotches, are made during June and July by the larvae of Mompha langiella, a rather nondescript little brown moth. The larvae, as described on the British leafminers website, are ‘light yellow, with darker thoracic legs’ (see photo left below), and, most fortunately, I also found a pupa (below right), which are located ‘occasionally in a mined leaf or in a cocoon between the leaves or on the leaves’.

210703 Mompha langiella on Enchanters nightshade (3)
210703 Mompha langiella on Enchanters nightshade (4)

Though Enchanter’s nightshade is widespread in the places where I walk, I’ve only found one site with these leafmines so far. Can you spot them in your local woodland?

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Little nibblers

08 Tuesday Jun 2021

Posted by sconzani in insects, plants, trees

≈ 2 Comments

Tags

British insects, insect larvae, larvae on Guelder rose, larvae on Oak, Oak sawfly, Oak sawfly larvae, Viburnum beetle, Viburnum beetle larvae

Seeing these two different species of larvae was a good reminder to me that not all ‘caterpillars’ are butterflies or moths.

210608 oak sawfly

This first is the larva of an Oak sawfly (Periclista lineolata) that was happily munching away at a delicious young Oak leaf.

210608 viburnum beetle larvae (1)
210608 viburnum beetle larvae (2)

And these other little nibblers, above and below, covered in dots and dashes and munching on the leaves of Guelder rose, will grow up to be beetles, Viburnum beetles (Pyrrhalta viburni).

210608 viburnum beetle larvae (3)
210608 viburnum beetle larvae (4)

I doubt I’ll ever see the adult Oak sawfly, as they seem rather elusive, but I have more chance of spotting these beetles as adults so must remember to keep an eye out for them in July and August.

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A fiesta of Bee orchids

06 Sunday Jun 2021

Posted by sconzani in plants, wildflowers

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Tags

#NoMowMay, Bee orchid, British wildflowers, Native British orchid, native orchids, urban orchids, wildflowers in road verges

If you live in or around or anywhere near Cardiff and you like orchids, then get yourself down to Ferry Road in Cardiff Bay, because there is a Bee orchid fiesta happening right now, and probably for the next few weeks.

210606 bee orchids (1)

It’s completely free. All you have to do is walk along the pavement on the west side of the road adjacent to the Cardiff Bay Retail Centre and look at the verge, because the good folks who manage the Retail Centre agreed to stop mowing said verge this spring, and the result is an explosion of Bee orchids.

I kid you not! One of the council’s community rangers did a count yesterday and reckons there are over 800 spikes, many of which are not yet in bloom. It is seriously amazing, and just shows what botanic marvels are in our road verges if the councils and corporations would just let them grow.

210606 bee orchids (3)

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Nettle rust

04 Friday Jun 2021

Posted by sconzani in fungi, plants

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Tags

Nettle rust, Puccinia urticata, rust, rust fungi, rust on plants, Stinging nettle

It’s Fungi Friday and, though this time of year is not what I usually think of as prime fungi time, fungi are always with us, around us, underneath our feet, in the air we breathe, and I did find some prime examples earlier this week.

210604 nettle rust (1)

The vibrant yellow-orange-red patches on these Stinging nettles are Nettle rust (Puccinia urticata), and there were a lot of them.

210604 nettle rust (2)

As you can imagine, they were not easy to photograph, particularly as the plants were swaying slightly in the gentle breeze.

210604 nettle rust (3)

Fortunately, I spotted a patch of Dock nearby and used a leaf of that to shield my fingers while I held the plants steady.

210604 nettle rust (4)

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The Wayfarer

06 Thursday May 2021

Posted by sconzani in plants, spring, trees

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Tags

British shrubs, British trees, bud burst, leaf burst, Viburnum lantana, Wayfaring tree

As part of this spring’s project to watch trees and shrubs come to life, I’ve been keeping a close eye on Wayfaring trees during my local walks. Viburnum lantana is a tree – or shrub, if the potential to grow 5 metres tall means it can still be called a shrub – I’ve mostly ignored in the past but now I have a much better appreciation of its beauty.

210506 wayfaring tree (3)

The leaf buds when they first begin to develop are brown and furry and very sculptural.

210506 wayfaring tree (2)
210506 wayfaring tree (1)

And the flowers are equally lovely. The first of these photos was taken on 23 March, the most recent just two days ago, on 4 May.

210506 wayfaring tree (4)
210506 wayfaring tree (5)
210506 wayfaring tree (6)
210506 wayfaring tree (7)

You can read more about the Wayfaring tree on the Woodland Trust website, where the entry includes the fascinating information that arrows made from stems of this tree were found on the frozen body of ‘Ötzi the Iceman’, the man from 4000-3500BC whose body was found in the Austrian Alps in 1991.

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Butterfly as Cow parsley

01 Saturday May 2021

Posted by sconzani in insects, plants

≈ 6 Comments

Tags

British butterflies, Butterfly camouflage, Cow parsley, female Orange-tip, Orange-tip butterfly

I think you’ll agree this female Orange-tip butterfly has nailed this camouflage scenario.

210501 orange-tip (1)

She kept completely and utterly still, even when I got within a couple of inches of her for some macro photos. Amazing effort!

210501 orange-tip (2)

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Unfurling

30 Friday Apr 2021

Posted by sconzani in plants, spring

≈ Leave a comment

Tags

British ferns, fern frond, fern frond unfurling, ferns, signs of spring

’Tis that magical time of year when the woodland floor comes to life, with wildflowers blooming and the sap rising up to green the trees and the fronds of ferns slowly unrolling.

IMG_4879

The curled up top of a young fern frond is called a crosier, sometimes a fiddlehead. When its first cells are touched by the warming sunlight of spring, they begin to grow; as they grow, they expand; as they expand, they lengthen; and as they lengthen, they unfurl.

210430 ferns unfurling (1)

There is perhaps no more powerful symbol of the reawakening of the land in springtime than a fern frond unfurling.

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About me

sconzani

sconzani

I'm a writer and photographer; researcher and blogger; birder and nature lover; countryside rambler and city strider; volunteer and biodiversity recorder.

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