Orange peel fungus

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Orange peel (Aleuria aurantia) is a fungus I’ve not seen very often, despite it being officially classified as common. So, when, on a very grey, often drizzly day, I spotted a scattering of something bright orange on the ground in front of me, I initially thought some litter bug had thrown away the remains of their fruit. But no, this was the real thing, and there was more of it than I’d ever seen before.

My guide book says this fungus grows alongside paths and disturbed forest tracks, which is exactly where I found it, alongside a meandering path at the edge of the woodland in one of Cardiff’s parks.

Though it doesn’t look much like it in these photos, Orange peel is a cup fungus. The exterior of the cup is a paler shade of orange-beige and covered with fine down, whereas the interior is, as you can see, a vibrant orange.

The Orange peel I found had become wavy and twisted with age, and had been munched around the edges, probably by snails and slugs, but it was still a stunning sight.

Ichneumon: Tromatobia lineatoria

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Different days, different ways, different directions …
I have no real plan for my daily walks but, recently, my feet have been taking me past the local park whose railings have turned up some nice insects in the past, and the location is again proving productive.

This handsome ichneumon is one of my finds from last week and, though it hasn’t been confirmed (there doesn’t seem to be anyone nationwide verifying ichneumon records, unfortunately), I think this is Tromatobia lineatoria. There is another very similar looking ichneumon, Perithous scurra, but the female of that species has a much longer ovipositor.

I was a little surprised to find an ichneumon this late in the year but the Naturespot website says this species can be found between May and November, so this is right at the end of its date range. The website entry also says this ichneumon is a parasitoid of spider egg sacs; there are plenty of spider webs strung along the railings so my sighting in this location is understandable.

Pinkish wildflowers

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It’s been a very grey week here so I thought I’d change things up and we’d have a splash of mid week colour. During my daily walks last week, I took photos of all the pinkish-coloured wildflowers I found – more than I expected but, after our very dry summer, the wet but mild autumn weather has caused a flush of late growth and flowering in the local flora.

Blue fleabane, Burdock, Common mallow, and Creeping thistle

Devil’s-bit and Field scabious, Pencilled geranium, and Hedge woundwort

Hemp agrimony, Herb Robert, Ivy-leaved toadflax, and Meadow crane’s-bill

Purple toadflax, Red campion, Red clover, and Red valerian

Tuesday wash day

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Last week, we had Wednesday wash day; this week, it’s Tuesday but, heck, every day is wash day for birds, especially waterfowl that rely on their feathers being in peak condition to repel water and keep them warm. And, as I don’t recall ever having seen a Little grebe out of the water before, I was entranced to watch this sweet little bird working quite strenuously to sort out its feathers.

Little grebes are not normally very confiding but this one was so focused on its preening that it seemed totally oblivious to passers-by, and me, on the pavement just a few feet above it.

Woodpigeon migration

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Last Friday morning, one of the autumn’s massive flocks of migrating Woodpigeons passed over my house, and what an incredible sight it was as they headed south along the coast. There were, perhaps, several thousand birds in the flock, which seemed an enormous number to me but, the very next day, there was a report on social media from a birder who’d had his second highest ever count on the Severn of 242,160 Woodpigeons, viewed from the sea wall at Goldcliff.

Despite the enormous quantities of birds that participate in these autumn migrations, they are something of a mystery in the bird world. No one truly knows where the birds originate from or where they’re going. Even expert birders have different theories; last week I read the blog of a well known ornithologist (Pigeons move in mysterious ways) who suggested ‘They may be Scandinavian birds heading for the Cork Oak forests of Iberia, as there is good evidence of migration from ringed birds but perhaps their visits through southern Britain are so rapid that no rings are recovered.’ But another birder, who seems to have a very good understanding of the autumn migration of most species of birds (see this presentation on YouTube: An Introduction to Visible Migration – Dan Webb), commented on the blog, writing that the Woodpigeons are

Almost certainly not Scandinavian birds. Most likely to be British birds moving to the Continent and south western Britain in search of acorns and mast backed up by observers recording departing flocks from Start Point in Devon and further evidenced by a spring return passage along the English side of the Severn in early spring. Scandinavian woodpigeon movement through the Continent peaks several weeks before ours.

Some, perhaps 100, of the Woodpigeons that flew over my house stopped off briefly in the local trees, until the local crows made a fuss and sent them packing.

Autumn trees: Aspen

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The leaves of the Aspen (Populus tremula) are some of the most stunning autumn leaves, their summer green changing to yellow and orange and red and every combination of those colours, sometimes all in one leaf. Those colours, together with the way the leaves of the Aspen seem to quiver and rustle (tremula is Latin for trembling or quaking) at the merest hint of a breeze, make this tree a favourite of mine – and I’m sure with many of you, as well.

Aspen are usually associated with cold places, growing best in mountains near rivers – they prefer moist but well-drained soil, so coastal south Wales is not their preferred habitat but, for some reason, they seem often to be used in ornamental plantings in parks and alongside roads, in the landscaping around business and housing developments, so these are the Aspens I’m most familiar with. Some day I’d like to make an autumn trip to a place where Aspen are at their most spectacular – I’ve read the trees in the north west of Scotland put on a particularly fine autumn display.

Harvestman: Nemastoma bimaculatum

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It’s sad when huge old trees fall or need to be felled – I’m not sure what happened to the tree I found at Cardiff’s Heath Park one day last week – but it does provide opportunities for fossicking around logs and branches and under slabs of bark. And on this particular day, when I turned over one of several pieces of bark, I was delighted to find this harvestman, Nemastoma bimaculatum, a species I’d never seen before.

I’m reliably informed, by someone on social media who’s seen many of these harvestmen, that ‘they tend to freeze when you first turn over a log and expose them but then make a sudden run for it’, so I was exceedingly lucky that this one stayed perfectly still the whole time I had its home turned upside down. I was able to focus-stack some images but these harvestmen are tiny, just 2-3mm long, and the light was dull so my photos are not very sharp.

Fortunately for me, Nemastoma bimaculatum has distinctive markings – those two white spots on the black body, so it was easy to identify. This harvestman is not often recorded but the species is probably quite common – it’s just that most people don’t go looking under logs and bark to find them.

Coral in the grass

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The clubs and corals, properly known as the Clavariacae, come in many shapes and colours; some are small, simple and singular, resembling worms standing upright in the grass, while others form in multi-branching clumps that really do resemble the corals you can find growing under the sea.

Today’s offerings slot somewhere in between the two, sometimes growing as individual stems but mostly in loose clumps of multi-branched stems that divide, like antlers, near the stem tops. Standing between 4 and 8cm tall, these lovely little yellow fungi are Meadow coral (Clavulinopsis corniculata).

Clavarioid fungi are usually found growing in unimproved grasslands and are one of the 4 (or 5) groups used to assess the conservation value of grasslands; the CHEG (or CHEGD) system assigns a value to the number of species of each of the fungal groups found at particular location (see this page on Wikipedia for a more detailed, though still simple explanation).

I found these examples of Meadow coral growing on a road verge that, presumably, was once grassland before houses and roads, a supermarket, a petrol station and a restaurant, and, of course, the ubiquitous car parks were built in the area.

When I spotted them, I was actually looking for the Hairy earthtongue fungi (Trichoglossum hirsutum, another of the CHEG/CHEGD fungi) I’ve found previously at this location. My disappointment at not finding any of those turned quickly to delight when I spotted the Meadow coral, which I don’t often find in my local area.

Wednesday wash day

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We don’t see very many Mediterranean gulls in Cardiff Bay so it was a real treat yesterday to see this one at Cardiff Bay Wetlands Reserve yesterday.

The resident Black-headed gulls often use this area as a good place to wash, plunging into the water, giving themselves a good shake, flapping their wings … you get the idea. And, if you don’t, here’s a short video.

The Med gull is the one that looks to have a completely white body and wings, though it actually has a very fine dark line along the edge of its wings. In my photos, above and below, the Med gull is the bird at the back, with a Black-headed gull in front so you can compare the two.

36!

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Thirty six is the number of hoverfly larvae I counted on a section of the local park railings, about 10 metres long, as I strolled very slowly past on Monday. They all look to be one of the Syrphus species of hoverfly; it’s not possible to be exact with the larvae of this particular species.

This is a great time of year to look for hoverfly larvae, particularly after stormy weather. They get shaken off the remaining leaves on trees, then try to climb back up to find yummy aphids to eat. So, if you look on railings or fences, even gravestones, particularly under Sycamore trees, you’ll probably be surprised at how many you can find.

And if you want to have a try at identifying any hoverfly larvae you discover, you’ll find a free downloadable pdf Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae on the Diptera.info website.