Chalkhill blues

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It was six years since I’d last seen a Chalkhill blue so it probably comes as no surprise that I took rather a lot of photographs of these gorgeous butterflies during my two visits to Tout and King Barrow Quarries on the Isle of Portland, in Dorset, last week.

I decided it would be easier to share the best of these in the form of a video slideshow, and I’ve also included a few photos of the quarries to provide context and give an indication of the habitat in which these butterflies thrive. Tout Quarry has the added benefit of being an open air sculpture park, so it’s very easy to spend many hours there, delighting in both the natural beauty of the butterflies and the creativity of the sculptors.

Lodmoor’s distant birds

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I wrote in Tuesday’s blog (Egrets, little and large) that I would share in a subsequent post more of the birds I saw during last week’s three visits to RSPB Lodmoor, and here they are. Most were quite distant but I thought it was worth documenting the wide variety of birds that can be seen at this wonderful reserve.

You may struggle to spot the two birds in this photo – they are sitting facing each other on the ‘beach’ area but their colours blend in rather well to the background. In spite of that, this was probably the standout sighting for me, as these are Bearded tits, and, given their sandy colouring, these were probably fledglings, the first ones I’ve seen.

Black-tailed godwit numbers increased from three on my first visit to Lodmoor to eight on my final visit, and numbers will likely continue to increase as these birds return from their breeding grounds in Iceland and continental Europe. You may just be able to spot some smaller birds amongst the shorter reeds in the foreground. These are Dunlin.

I blogged about seeing Breeding Common terns after my June visit to Lodmoor. This time the Common terns had almost all fledged, though one chick remained on one of the breeding platforms and several sat on the sand waiting for their parents to return and feed them. Above you can see two Common terns at the left of the frame but the two terns in the centre of the image are Little terns. These breed, in a specially protected area, on nearby Chesil Beach and, though I saw some there very distantly during my last visit, it was wonderful to see these two at a much closer distance. The birds in the background are a mix of Mediterranean and Black-headed gulls.

How gorgeous is this Lapwing? I think it’s a juvenile bird as it seemed curious rather than scared by my proximity on the path just across from where it was foraging for food, and I had read that Lapwings have bred on the reserve this year.

I was scanning the reeds for anything interesting when this stunning Marsh harrier flew up almost right in front of me. Bushes obscured it from view for a few minutes so I couldn’t get any better photos and, though it did a circuit around the far side of the reserve, it soon disappeared from sight once again.

Last but by no means least are two sandpipers. On the left is a Wood sandpiper, a bird I’d only ever seen once before and, though my picture only shows one, two birds frequented this pool all of last week. This species is only seen in Britain during Spring and Autumn as they move between their breeding grounds in northern Europe and their over-wintering locations in Africa, so I was particularly lucky to have synchronised my visit with their stopover. The bird on the right is a Green sandpiper, another bird I don’t see very often. Though they are known to frequent a river quite near where I live, it’s not a location I can easily access, plus they are very flighty birds, heading for the skies at the slightest suggestion of humans close by.

Wall butterfly

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Wall seems such a bland name for this stunning butterfly, though the name does describe where it’s often to be found, sitting on a stone wall – or just a large boulder, soaking in the sunshine.

The UK Butterflies website gives a list of all the different names our butterflies have been given over the years; the Wall started out as the ‘Golden Marbled Butterfly, with Black Eyes’ – a bit of a mouthful but wonderfully descriptive, has been the ‘Great Argus’ and the ‘Orange Argus’, and also ‘Wall Brown’, a name many people still use.

I found my first Walls in six years in the quarries on the Isle of Portland last week, at Broadcroft Quarry Butterfly Reserve (which was actually quite a disappointing location as it is very overgrown and so not the ideal habitat for most butterflies), at King Barrow and Tout Quarries (both excellent).

Though it was once found at sites throughout Britain, the Wall has suffered a severe decline in population in recent decades, and is now restricted mostly to coastal locations. In Life Cycles of British & Irish Butterflies, author Peter Eeles explains that this seems to be due to the changing climate. The warmer summer and autumn temperatures can encourage the butterfly to attempt to breed a third generation, which subsequently fails to mature before the weather turns colder.

Egrets, little and large

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This is a view of RSPB Lodmoor from the footpath that runs along the western edge of the reserve. With areas of open water and hidden pools, lush reedbeds and swathes of saltmarsh, it’s a wetland paradise for birds and, as well as having a resident population of water fowl, the fact that the reserve is right on the coast means that it’s also a mecca for migrating birds, and sightings of rarities are relatively frequent.

I’ll share more of Lodmoor’s birds in another post but today want to focus on the egrets. They are members of the Heron family and share Lodmoor with their Grey heron (Ardea cinerea) cousins, though not always harmoniously – I saw a couple of spats between the herons and egrets during my visits. There is a resident population of Little egrets (Egretta garzetta), which only arrived in numbers in the UK in 1989 and first bred somewhere in Dorset in 1996, per the RSPB website, but are now quite common in southern Britain. The photo below shows a Grey heron, a Great white egret and two Little egrets.

I saw my first Great white egret (Ardea alba) of the year during my visit to Lodmoor in June but it was moving around the edge of a distant, inaccessible pool, so I didn’t get a good look at it. This time, there were several Great whites around the reserve and, as you might guess from the photo below, I had my closest ever views of this handsome bird as it stalked around a pool, hoping to spear a fish or two.

While it was wonderful to enjoy such good sightings of the Great white egrets, the egret highlight of this trip came during my second visit to Lodmoor, and only happened because I got chatting to some other birders. One of them was convinced she had seen a Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) but it had subsequently disappeared behind the tall reeds. Luckily for me, within minutes the bird popped up again. Below, you can see two Great white egrets and the much smaller Cattle egret, with two Grey herons off to the right.

Like the Little egret, the Cattle egret is a recent migrant to Britain that has made itself at home. It was first recorded breeding here in 2008, and its population is expanding ever northwards from its initial strongholds in southern Britain. This particular Cattle egret remained distant and soon vanished again into the reed beds but it was a delight to have seen so many members of the heron family together.

Sunshine in a butterfly

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I’ve been away for another mini break, staying once again in Weymouth, on Dorset’s south coast, for four nights, spending my three and a half days surrounded by birds and butterflies (also crowds of summertime beach visitors, though, fortunately for me, most of them weren’t in Weymouth for the same kind of wildlife as I was). With cool winds and lengthy spells of drizzle, the weather wasn’t as good as during my visit in early June, but I saw lots of lovely creatures that I will share with you over the coming week.

First up today is the first of four new-for-2025 butterfly species I saw, this gorgeous Clouded yellow (Colias croceus), a butterfly I don’t see in south Wales every year as they’re migrants from Europe and their appearance on our shores depends a lot on weather and wind direction and how their population is faring. This sighting was particularly welcome, as I had spent Tuesday morning wandering around the RSPB’s Radipole reserve in almost constant drizzle, then headed for an afternoon wander around RSPB Lodmoor. This little drop of sunshine fluttered up right in front of me when I got to Lodmoor, a sign of the lovely afternoon to follow.

Skullcap

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I don’t know how I’ve missed this pretty little plant during my summertime walks around Cardiff’s Roath Lake; I think it’s likely that it had been strimmed in previous years, as, for no good reason, that’s what usually happens to the wildflowers around the lake’s edge.

This is Skullcap (Scutellaria galericulata), a plant with delicate blue flowers that is most often found growing, as at Roath Lake, on the banks of lakes, ponds, marshes, and areas of slow-flowing water.

The very strange common name apparently refers to the shape of the flowers, which reminded those responsible for naming the plant of the helmet worn by soldiers in the Roman armies. I’ve seen references to a helmet called galerum (from galerus, meaning a cap made of leather or skin) and also a metal helmet named galea; neither cap nor helmet look like the tube-shaped flower to my eye, but Skullcap is certainly a memorable name for a plant!

Beetle: Four-banded longhorn

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This is my second recent new longhorn beetle find, Leptura quadrifasciata, also known as the Four-banded longhorn – the reason for that name will be immediately obvious, I’m sure.

Interestingly, these beetles are associated with old woodland, though I found this one feeding on a Wild carrot flower (they feed on umbellifers) on the edge of Cardiff’s Grangemoor Park, a former landfill site. The nearest old woodland would probably be about a mile away in a direct line, quite a long flight for a beetle.

At first glance, Leptura quadrifasciata looks quite similar to the other yellow-and-black longhorn beetle, the Spotted longhorn Rutpela maculata, but the four bands on the former’s abdomen are quite regular and precise whereas the markings on the latter are more random and splotchy. My immediate impression of Leptura quadrifasciata was of a darker-looking beetle than Rutpela maculata, which always looks quite bright to my eye, and that’s actually what made me look closer; one of my ‘Oh, what are you?’ moments!

Weevil: Curculio glandium

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How cute is this little weevil?

This is Curculio glandium, also known as the Acorn weevil because it lives in Oak trees and the female of the species uses her long snout, her rostrum, to drill a hole in to the middle of an acorn, in which she then lays her egg using her ovipositor. It seems a difficult place in which to live but the weevil larva (sometime there’s more than one larva in each acorn) feeds happily inside the acorn through the cold months of the winter. I’m always a little dubious about information from Wikipedia but the entry there (scientific papers are referenced) says the ‘larvae are freeze avoidant, preventing their internal body fluids from freezing during the winter’. Presumably that means they have their own version of anti-freeze. The larvae emerge in the Spring to pupate, and the life cycle begins all over again.

Fly: Xyphosia miliaria

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Isn’t this a lovely looking little creature? Meet the fruit fly, Xyphosia miliaria, which seems to have a couple of common names: Mottled thistle fly (presumably because of its patterned wings) and Orange thistle picturewing. The adult flies can be seen on or around thistles any time from May through to September. Like Urophora cardui (see More galls, part 2, October 2017) and Urophora stylata (Urophora stylata gall flies, only recently published, on 2 July), Xyphosia miliaria causes galls to form on its host plant, though this little fly pierces and lays its eggs within the plant’s flower head not its stems. Also, unlike the Urophora species, which specialise in a single thistle species, this little fruit fly isn’t fussy about which thistle species it uses as a larval host.

Beetle: Grammoptera ruficornis

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This is one of two new longhorn beetles I’ve found recently, not because I was specifically searching for them, just pure happenstance. (The second species will appear here on Saturday.)

This first is quite small for a longhorn beetle, is a dull brown and has wing cases covered in silken hairs, which, as you can see, make it look quite shiny. Adult longhorn beetles feed on the pollen and nectar of flowers, in the case of Grammoptera ruficornis, the flowers of Hogweed and Hawthorn in particular. The Naturespot website entry for this beetle warns that there are three similar-looking longhorns but, fortunately, the other two species are rarely seen and there are particular features of their antennae that can be used to separate the species.