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Category Archives: wildflowers

Two orchids

26 Friday May 2017

Posted by sconzani in flowers, nature, wildflowers

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Common twayblade, Dactylorhiza maculata, Heath spotted-orchid, Merthyr Mawr National Nature Reserve, native orchids, Neottia ovata, orchid, Twayblade

Of the estimated 25,000 different species of orchid that can be found around the world, 56 are native to Britain and, as some of those 56 are now coming in to bloom, I thought I’d share a couple for this week’s Floral Friday.

170526 Twayblade (2)
170526 Twayblade (1)

Twayblade (Neottia ovata)
First up is the Twayblade I saw growing quite prolifically in the woodland at Merthyr Mawr a couple of weeks ago. It’s one of Britain’s most common species but is often overlooked, perhaps because its yellow-green flowers often blend in with their woodland, scrub or grassland habitats. Twayblade means two leaves, as there usually are just two leaves, from the centre of which sprouts the flower stalk, though, like all living things, there are exceptions to the rule and plants with three to five leaves are sometimes found. The thing that most fascinates me about these orchids is the manikin-shaped flower.

170526 Heath spotted-orchid (1)
170526 Heath spotted-orchid (2)

Heath spotted-orchid (Dactylorhiza maculata)
Luckily I was with a group of botanists when I saw my first Heath spotted-orchids last weekend, as they can easily be confused with Common spotted-orchids, though the fact that we were in a damp boggy field at the time was probably also a good species indicator. As the name ‘heath’ implies, this orchid likes to get its feet wet, relishing the sogginess of peaty moors and boggy heaths. As well as being common throughout Europe, this orchid can also be found throughout the British Isles, though it does show a marked preference for northern and western areas. Its gorgeous flowers can be seen from around the middle of May through to mid July.

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Seaford Head wildlife walk

21 Sunday May 2017

Posted by sconzani in birds, coastal fauna, nature, plants, wildflowers

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Brown-tail moth caterpillars, Fulmar, Green-winged orchid, Rock pipit, Rook, Seaford Head Nature Reserve, Seaford Head wildlife walk, Stonechat, Sussex Wildlife Trust, Thrift

One of the highlights of my recent short break in Sussex was a guided wildlife walk around Seaford Head, organised by the Sussex Wildlife Trust and led by knowledgeable and amusing local naturalist Michael Blencowe.

170521 1 Seaford Head walk

The day was very windy and scattered showers kept us clad in rain jackets until lunchtime but that didn’t spoil the walk. The scenery on this coast is magnificent and it’s one of my favourite places in the whole of Britain so, even if we’d not seen any wildlife, I would’ve been happy. As it was, we saw more than I expected, and our guide was a mine of funny stories and fascinating facts.

170521 2 Seaford Head Hound's-tongue
170521 3 Seaford Head Stonechat
170521 4 Seaford Head Fulmar
170521 5 Seaford Head group
170521 6 Seaford Head Rock pipit
170521 7 Seaford Head Flower
170521 8 Seaford Head Brown-tail moth
170521 9 Seaford Head Green-winged orchid
170521 10 Seaford Head Rook

Our flora and fauna sightings included many different plants in flower, like Green alkanet, Hound’s-tongue and Thrift; plus several Stonechats and Linnets, and Rock pipits and Rooks aplenty. We had Fulmars soaring up from the cliffs to the left of us and Skylarks serenading us high in the sky to the right. A grass snake was discovered snoozing under a sheet of corrugated iron, the webs of Brown-tail moth caterpillars adorned the bramble bushes, and Green-winged orchids provided striking bursts of colour in the rough alongside the local golf course. If you ever get the chance, I’d highly recommend this walk.

170521 11 Seaford Head Thrift

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Herb-Paris

14 Sunday May 2017

Posted by sconzani in nature, wildflowers

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ancient woodland, British native plant, British wildflower, conservation of ancient woodlands, Herb-Paris, Paris quadrifolia

Paris quadrifolia is its scientific name and you’d think quadrifolia would mean this plant had four leaves but no one told the plant that! Herb-Paris, as it’s more commonly known, can actually have between 4 and 8 leaves. It’s not its leaves that Herb-Paris is most admired for though, it’s its stunning solitary flower, a true masterpiece of Nature.

170508 Herb-Paris (1)

Herb-Paris is a perennial plant and can be found in both cool and temperate areas of Europe. In Britain you’re most likely to find it in the damp shade of ancient woodlands on calcareous soils, though sadly it has declined significantly over the last century due to the destruction of many broad-leaved woodlands in favour of conifer plantations. As Herb-Paris has proven to be very slow at colonising replanted woodlands, the only hope for its survival is the conservation of those ancient woodlands that still exist.

170508 Herb-Paris (2)
170508 Herb-Paris (3)

Though all parts of this plant are considered poisonous, it was used in various ways in traditional medicine: it was considered to be an antidote for mercury and arsenic poisoning, its root was used as an emetic, and the juice of its berry as a treatment for inflammation of the eyes. I think I’ll stick to conventional medicine and leave this beautiful herb to be admired by all who are lucky enough to see it.

170508 Herb-Paris (4)

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Primrose x Cowslip = False Oxlip

12 Friday May 2017

Posted by sconzani in flowers, nature, wildflowers

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British flora, British wildflowers, Cowslip, False oxlip, flora hybridisation, flower hybrids, primrose, Primula veris, Primula vulgaris, Primula vulgaris x veris = P. x polyantha


Where Primroses (Primula vulgaris) and Cowslips (Primula veris) grow in close proximity they will occasionally hybridise to produce the False Oxlip (Primula vulgaris x veris = P. x polyantha). Though this is not really clear from my images, the hybrid is usually a larger plant than the Cowslip, and I think it combines the prettiest traits of both parents to produce a real stunner!

170512 A Primrose
170512 B Cowslip
170512 C False oxlip
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More from Merthyr Mawr

09 Tuesday May 2017

Posted by sconzani in insects, nature, wildflowers

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biodiversity, biological diversity, Blood bee, Common Stork's-bill, Glamorgan Fungus Group, Green dock beetle, Merthyr Mawr National Nature Reserve, Micropterix calthella, Navelwort, Poplar leaf beetle, Red-headed Cardinal beetle

As I wrote yesterday, with very little fungi to be found our Glamorgan Fungus Group foray on Saturday developed into a more general nature ramble. I’m afraid I wasn’t writing down the names of all the various critters and plants we saw so I can’t identify everything in these photos but I can name some.

170509 (2) Pyrochroa serraticornis Red-headed Cardinal beetle
170509 (3) Centipede
170509 (4) Eggs of Gastrophysa viridula Green dock beetle
170509 (5) Micropterix calthella moths
170509 (6) Erodium cicutarium Common Stork's-bill
170509 (7) Two species of snails
170509 (8) Umbilicus rupestris Wall pennywort or Navelwort
170509 (9) Chrysomela populi Poplar leaf beetle
170509 (10) Sphecodes sp Blood bee

The first is a Red-headed cardinal beetle (Pyrochroa serraticornis), a very pretty beetle though this one wouldn’t keep still for me. The centipede was the same and I’m afraid I don’t remember its name, though I was told it’s not particularly common. It tickled! I think the little yellow dots are the eggs of the Green dock beetle (Gastrophysa viridula) as we saw a pair mating nearby. The tiny moths on the buttercup flower are Micropterix calthella. The plant with the pink flower is one I actually remembered from my botany walk on Thursday – a miracle! It’s Common Stork’s-bill (Erodium cicutarium). Then we have two different species of snail cosying up together. Once again, I was told the names but didn’t write them down and have forgotten (must do better next time!). This very pretty plant was a new one for me and it has two common names, so you might know it either as Wall pennywort or Navelwort (scientific name Umbilicus rupestris). Next is another beetle, this time a Poplar leaf beetle (Chrysomela populi). It was a gorgeous wee thing, with metallic green thorax and dark red body, almost like an oversized ladybird. And, last but not least, was this rather angry Blood bee (Sphecodes sp.). It was trying to lay its eggs in the holes of mining bees when it was netted and potted up for a quick close-up look.

170509 (1) Millipede Pill bug Slug

My favourite moment of the day, though, was when I turned over this log. I particularly loved the little grouping of millipede, pill-bug and slug but these were only a few of the various creatures to be seen. It was just nice to see such biodiversity co-existing happily together. A lesson for us all, I think.

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Botany 101: sore knees and sniffy nose

06 Saturday May 2017

Posted by sconzani in nature, plants, wildflowers

≈ 7 Comments

Tags

botanists' knees, botany mentee, botany mentorship, British coastal plants, British flora, learning botany

You’ll recall I blogged recently about my first outing as a botany mentee. Well, on Thursday I took my second tentative step on the road to learning more about the incredible variety of plants that surround us. This time it was just me and my mentor Julian, though we were joined by another enthusiast David for the morning part of our jaunt. This time also I was better prepared, with a notebook to write down plant names and, though I somehow managed to lose my pen around lunchtime, I’m proud to say I remembered the names of all but one of the afternoon’s plant finds.

170506 Ogmore-by-sea

The ‘grass’, the view and a nice spot for morning tea

One thing I hadn’t expected was a condition I will describe as botanists’ knees. The plants we spent the morning looking for and at, in a ‘grassy’ area on the south Wales coast (I now know ‘grassy’ is a hopelessly inadequate adjective to describe the incredible number of plants growing in those areas I would once have called grass), were never more than an inch or two high so we spent most of the morning on hands and knees, bums in the air. One further unexpected result of that was full sinuses (and the accompanying drippy nose), though perhaps there was an element of hay fever in the mix as well – with my poor eyesight the easiest way to see the finer details of some plants was to take my specs off and get my face within an inch or two of the plants, so I’m sure I breathed in plenty of pollen and dust in the process.

170506 Anthyllis vulneraria Kidney vetch Newton
170506 Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved sandwort
170506 Erodium cicutarium Common stork's-bill

After lunching on a nearby river bank (a couple of specialist plants there too), Julian and I headed to another coastal site nearby, to inspect a car park – it has a rare grass – and to wander amongst some large sand dunes. I’ll blog separately about a couple of the special plants we saw but here is a selection of the more common but no less lovely: (above) Anthyllis vulneraria Kidney vetch, Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved sandwort, Erodium cicutarium Common stork’s-bill, (below) Medicago lupulina Black medic, Polygala vulgaris Milkwort, and Sherardia arvensis Field madder. Needless to say, in spite of my sore knees and sniffy nose, I enjoyed the day immensely.

170506 Medicago lupulina Black medic
170506 Polygala vulgaris Milkwort Newton
170506 Sherardia arvensis Field madder
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Early purple orchid

05 Friday May 2017

Posted by sconzani in flowers, nature, spring, wildflowers

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Early purple orchid, Native British orchid, native orchids, Orchis mascula

170505 Early purple orchid (1)

This does what it says on the tin: The Early purple orchid (Orchis mascula) is one of the 56 species of native orchid to be found in Britain, it flowers early in spring and is usually the first orchid to flower each year, and it’s a magnificently imperial shade of purple.

170505 Early purple orchid (2)
170505 Early purple orchid (3)
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Fungi Friday: The rust challenge

28 Friday Apr 2017

Posted by sconzani in fungi, nature, wildflowers

≈ 7 Comments

Tags

Bluebell, citizen science, Glamorgan Fungus Group, Lesser Celandine, Nettle, Puccinia urtica, rust, rust fungi, Uromyces dactylis, Uromyces muscari

Back in January I posted about the Cobalt crust-finding challenge I was taking part in with my friends from the Glamorgan Fungus Group. This month we’ve been at it again but our challenge species are rusts, specifically Uromyces dactylis (below right) and Uromyces ficaria which are both found on Lesser Celandine; Puccinia urtica (below left) on Nettles; Uromyces muscari (the other four photos) on native, cultivated and hybrid Bluebells; and on Nipplewort Lapsana communis.

170428 Puccinia urtica on Nettle
170428 Uromyces dactylis on Lesser celandine

Though finding and photographing the Nettle rust is more for the masochist than the faint-hearted – our group has joked about buying thick rubber gloves up to our elbows(!), the other rusts are less dangerous though no less of a challenge. I’ve had most success with the Bluebell rust – probably a reflection of the fact that everyone loves Bluebells so they’ve been planted almost everywhere, but have found only one specimen of one of the rusts on Lesser Celandine, despite the flowers being very plentiful and numerous in my local parks and wild areas. And I have yet to find a specimen of Nipplewort rust – probably because I have yet to positively identify Nipplewort (this is why I’ve taken up a botany menteeship!).

170428 Uromyces muscari on bluebell (1)
170428 Uromyces muscari on bluebell (2)
170428 Uromyces muscari on bluebell (3)

Still, just as we did with Cobalt crust, our group members have thrown themselves into this challenge and, to date, our combined total stands at over 140 separate finds. And, just like last time, our finds are being fed into our local biodiversity database so our challenge is helping to increase the knowledge base for these under-recorded fungi. Citizen science rocks!

170428 Uromyces muscari on bluebell (4)

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Ivy-leaved toadflax

27 Thursday Apr 2017

Posted by sconzani in flowers, nature, wildflowers

≈ 4 Comments

Tags

coliseum ivy, Cymbalaria muralis, Ivy-leaved toadflax, Kenilworth ivy, mother of thousands, non-native British wildflowers, Oxford weed, pennywort

170427 Ivy-leaved toadflax (4)

I see this plant so very often that I would’ve sworn it was a native British wildflower but no! Ivy-leaved toadflax (Cymbalaria muralis) only came to Britain in the early 1600s. In his excellent book Weeds: How vagabond plants gatecrashed and changed the way we think about nature (Profile Books, London, 2010), author Richard Mabey relates the story that the plant’s seeds ‘were caught up in the packing of some marble statuary imported from Italy to Oxford, whence, like the city’s eponymous ragwort, they migrated into the wider world via the college walls’. This explains why Ivy-leaved toadflax was, for a time, known as ‘Oxford weed’, though it has accumulated several other common names as well: Kenilworth ivy, coliseum ivy, mother of thousands, and pennywort.

170427 Ivy-leaved toadflax (3)

Ivy-leaved toadflax came originally from the mountains of southern Europe but, in Britain and many other parts of the world, it has swapped alpine rocks and stones for the bricks and stones of man-made walls. Its pretty little snapdragon-like flowers can be seen from April through to September.

170427 Ivy-leaved toadflax (1)
170427 Ivy-leaved toadflax (5)
170427 Ivy-leaved toadflax (2)
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I’m a mentee!

23 Sunday Apr 2017

Posted by sconzani in nature, plants, walks, wildflowers

≈ 4 Comments

Tags

amatuer botanist, Barry, British plants, Glamorgan Botany Group, Mary Gillham Archive Project, Mary Gillham Botany Mentorship Scheme, SEWBReC

Actually, I became a mentee a few weeks ago but yesterday was my first outing with my mentor and other members of the Glamorgan Botany Group. My plant knowledge is abysmal and I felt I needed to remedy that so when SEWBReC (the South East Wales Biodiversity Records Centre) announced that, as part of the Heritage Lottery-funded Mary Gillham Archive Project, they would be running a Botany Mentorship Scheme ‘to encourage the sharing of knowledge from experienced botanists to enthusiastic beginners’, I put my hand up.

170423 Botany walk in Barry (1)

As SEWBReC’s announcement said, ‘Mary spent her lifetime sharing her ecological knowledge including many years as an Extra Mural Lecturer at Cardiff University, so the inclusion of a Botany Mentorship Scheme in the project will carry on her passion for teaching others about the wildlife of south east Wales’. Lady Luck was smiling on me the day the mentees were selected and I am now one of a handful of keen amateurs with a steep (or so it seems to me) learning curve in front of me.

170423 wildflowers in Barry (1)
170423 wildflowers in Barry (4)
170423 wildflowers in Barry (3)
170423 wildflowers in Barry (2)

Yesterday, with my mentor and eight other enthusiastic plant people, I stomped around some of the less-well-explored and under-recorded green spaces of Barry, a town on the south Wales coast, examining and recording plant species. My mentor and walk-mates were welcoming, friendly, and generous in sharing their extensive knowledge, and it was a splendid, if somewhat overwhelming day. I have a great deal to learn but I’m looking forward to the challenge immensely.

170423 Botany walk in Barry (4)

A view over Barry

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About me

sconzani

sconzani

I'm a writer and photographer; researcher and blogger; birder and nature lover; countryside rambler and city strider; volunteer and biodiversity recorder.

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