The return of the Woodpigeons

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This time is 7.35am Monday morning, and the sun has just risen above the Mendip Hills, on the north Somerset coast.

And the Woodpigeons have begun moving northwards again, along the south Wales coast, reversing the journey they made a week or so ago. Their flocks – at least, the ones I can see – are smaller, in the tens and hundreds, not the massive flocks of several thousand birds I saw moving south.

Did they get to Land’s End and think ‘You’ve gotta be kidding me?’ Do the young birds tag along for the British section of the flight as a learning exercise? Are Woodpigeons like sheep that just mindlessly follow a leader? Do they get caught up in the fun, the exhilaration, the sense of adventure but then realise their limitations when they meet the challenge of a sea crossing? Do they somehow realise the grass, and the berries, are not greener on the other side?

Just as with their migration south, so with the move of smaller numbers back north, no one knows why they do it; why some carry on with their migration while others return back the way they came, and whether they return to where their journey originated or whether they stop off to overwinter somewhere different along the way. Woodpigeons are much more mysterious than you might think!

Viviparous umbellifers

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I’ve seen viviparous Teasels before (see Wild word: viviparity, January 2024) but these viviparous umbellifers – I think these are Wild Carrots (Daucus carota), spotted during my circuit of Cardiff Bay last Thursday, were a first for me and a result, I’m sure, of how warm and wet this autumn has been.

Viviparity is when seeds begin the germination process, producing their primary leaves, while the seeds are still joined to their parent plant.

I must make a point of visiting this location in the next week or so to see whether the seeds continue to grow, producing secondary leaves, and more, while still within the seedhead structures.

A female Vapourer

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The highlight of my walk last Saturday was finding my first female Vapourer moth (Orgyia antiqua), sitting on her cocoon, presumably newly emerged.

Now, you might look at her and think ‘That doesn’t look like a moth. Where are the wings?’ That’s the amazing thing about a female Vapourer – she’s almost wingless; her wings are so tiny that she’s unable to fly. Once she hatches, the female sits on her cocoon, as this one was, emitting pheromones and waiting for a male to fly by, notice and mate with her. Then, she’ll lay her eggs on the outside of her empty cocoon (as you can see on the other cocoon I found very close to the female, and which I also blogged about earlier this year: Vapourer pupa and eggs, January 2025). As she can’t fly, the female can’t feed, so she will die soon after laying her eggs.

Ominously, there were tiny parasitic wasps hanging around the female, presumably waiting to inject her eggs, so some of those eggs may not produce caterpillars come the spring.

Birds and Buckthorn berries

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Last Wednesday’s weather was dreich. (Are you familiar with that word? It’s Scottish English, a word I learnt when married to a Scotsman and from having lived for a few years in Scotland. It means bleak and dreary, and is the perfect descriptive for much of our recent weather.)

Back to last Wednesday … it was too bleak even for me to go out walking so, while sitting at my dining table/desk, deliberately placed by my living room windows for maximum external views, I had one eye on any wildlife activity happening outside.

Though the berries on this Buckthorn tree had looked ripe for a week or more, the birds chose this particular day to begin selecting the most juicy plump fruit to eat. As I watched, first male and female Blackbirds flew in and began scoffing the berries. Then, the Woodpigeons turned up, the branches of the tree drooping and swaying under their weight. And, lastly, a handsome Song thrush appeared to join in the feast.

As my photos were taken through rain-covered double-glazed windows, they’re not very sharp but I thought they were still worth sharing. Watching all these beautiful birds certainly cheered a very grey day.

Autumn trees: Beech

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Things I didn’t know about the Beech tree (Fagus sylvatica) until I started to research this post, all courtesy of Richard Mabey’s Flora Britannica

Even its arrival in this country has been a contentious matter, and it is often claimed to be a Roman introduction … But beech pollen remains have been found in the Hampshire basin that date from 6000 BC – about 2,000 years after the oaks returned to post-glacial Britain and 500 years before the Channel opened. So the beech just passes the key test of botanical nativeness; it was here when Britain became on island.

The leaves have been made into a potent alcoholic drink – beech-leaf noyau. This is a recipe remembered by a 70-year-old man in the southern Chilterns: ‘Wash and dry enough been leaves to fill your stone jar – cover them with gin. Leave for a week, then strain off the liquid and measure. To each pint add a pound of sugar which is dissolved in half a pint of boiling water. Add a good quantity of brandy and stir together, then leave to go cold before bottling.’

I’m not sure I’d give that drink a try but, standing tall and statuesque amongst its tree companions, the Beech is a magnificent tree, a definite favourite of mine in every season, but especially in autumn.

Bountiful Ground-ivy

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When the weather’s wet, which it often has been of late, I tend to focus more on looking for small things when out walking. This is partly because the larger creatures, like birds, tend to prefer taking shelter as much as we humans do but also because I don’t want to get my good camera wet and my small camera, the one I use for close-up shots, is waterproof. Monday was one such day and, when I stooped to pat a random black cat that appeared out of nowhere, I noticed how marked and mottled were the leaves of the Ground-ivy the cat was sitting next to. So, I investigated.

And what a bountiful patch of Ground-ivy it was. Firstly, I couldn’t help but notice how many of the leaves were covered with the pustules of the rust fungus Puccinia glechomatis.

Then I discovered that many of the leaves also had small bumps on them, galls caused by the miniscule mite Rondaniola bursaria.

And, perhaps best of all, while investigating the rust and the galls, I also spotted a single tiny dark case sticking up from one leaf, the self-constructed home of a larva of the moth Coleophora albitarsella. And, with that, the rain starting coming down a little too heavily for comfort so both the cat and I headed for home.

Orange peel fungus

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Orange peel (Aleuria aurantia) is a fungus I’ve not seen very often, despite it being officially classified as common. So, when, on a very grey, often drizzly day, I spotted a scattering of something bright orange on the ground in front of me, I initially thought some litter bug had thrown away the remains of their fruit. But no, this was the real thing, and there was more of it than I’d ever seen before.

My guide book says this fungus grows alongside paths and disturbed forest tracks, which is exactly where I found it, alongside a meandering path at the edge of the woodland in one of Cardiff’s parks.

Though it doesn’t look much like it in these photos, Orange peel is a cup fungus. The exterior of the cup is a paler shade of orange-beige and covered with fine down, whereas the interior is, as you can see, a vibrant orange.

The Orange peel I found had become wavy and twisted with age, and had been munched around the edges, probably by snails and slugs, but it was still a stunning sight.

Ichneumon: Tromatobia lineatoria

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Different days, different ways, different directions …
I have no real plan for my daily walks but, recently, my feet have been taking me past the local park whose railings have turned up some nice insects in the past, and the location is again proving productive.

This handsome ichneumon is one of my finds from last week and, though it hasn’t been confirmed (there doesn’t seem to be anyone nationwide verifying ichneumon records, unfortunately), I think this is Tromatobia lineatoria. There is another very similar looking ichneumon, Perithous scurra, but the female of that species has a much longer ovipositor.

I was a little surprised to find an ichneumon this late in the year but the Naturespot website says this species can be found between May and November, so this is right at the end of its date range. The website entry also says this ichneumon is a parasitoid of spider egg sacs; there are plenty of spider webs strung along the railings so my sighting in this location is understandable.

Pinkish wildflowers

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It’s been a very grey week here so I thought I’d change things up and we’d have a splash of mid week colour. During my daily walks last week, I took photos of all the pinkish-coloured wildflowers I found – more than I expected but, after our very dry summer, the wet but mild autumn weather has caused a flush of late growth and flowering in the local flora.

Blue fleabane, Burdock, Common mallow, and Creeping thistle

Devil’s-bit and Field scabious, Pencilled geranium, and Hedge woundwort

Hemp agrimony, Herb Robert, Ivy-leaved toadflax, and Meadow crane’s-bill

Purple toadflax, Red campion, Red clover, and Red valerian

Tuesday wash day

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Last week, we had Wednesday wash day; this week, it’s Tuesday but, heck, every day is wash day for birds, especially waterfowl that rely on their feathers being in peak condition to repel water and keep them warm. And, as I don’t recall ever having seen a Little grebe out of the water before, I was entranced to watch this sweet little bird working quite strenuously to sort out its feathers.

Little grebes are not normally very confiding but this one was so focused on its preening that it seemed totally oblivious to passers-by, and me, on the pavement just a few feet above it.